Task 15 Unified State Exam in Russian language exercises. Spelling N and NN in adverbs

Theory “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech”

Spelling N and NN in nouns

NN is written:

if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix begins with n. For example: cavalry, dowry, raspberry field.
if the noun is formed from an adjective or from a participle having nn. For example: contemporary, solemnity.

N is written:
If a noun is formed from an adjective stem with one n. For example: sandstone, spices, youth.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

NN is written:

in adjectives formed from nouns and adjectives using suffixes -enn-, -onn-. For example: revolutionary, temporary, hefty.Exception: windy.
in adjectives formed from nouns with a stem in -n using a suffix -n-. For example: long, foggy, cast iron.

Adjectives lamb, seal, pork and similar ones are written with one n, since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix -iii-.
Adjectives spicy, rosy, youthful are written with one n, since these are non-derivative adjectives.

N is written:
N is written in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang-. For example: mouse, goose, water.Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

NN is written:

full passive past participles. For example: twisted, dug up, bought
in adjectives on -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny. For example: pickled, uprooted, paved

N is written:
1) in verbal adjectives. For example: whitewashed walls, loaded carriage
2) in short participles. For example: made, mastered, painted

Spelling N and NN in adverbs

There are as many n written in adverbs as there are in the word from which the adverb is derived. For example: accidentally (unintentional), confused (confused), windy (windy)

Theory for Task No. 15 Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian

The difficulty of this task is that the spelling of N/NN depends on the part of speech, and there are also a number of exceptions that need to be remembered.

Work algorithm:

Read the assignment carefully. It is important to look for a word with the number of N indicated in the task. Please check again before entering your answer on the form.
Determine the part of speech.
If you are dealing with adjectives and participles, then the full or short form in front of you is important.
According to the part of speech and the form of the word, remember the rules and exceptions.

It's important to know about adjectives and participles!

Adjective:
-answers questions (which one, which one...) and indicates the attribute of an object.
-can be formed from a noun and from an imperfective verb.
-has a short form, answers the question “what (a, o, s)?”

Participle:
-combines the characteristics of an adjective and a verb, answers 2 questions: which one? + participle questions.
-derived from a perfective verb
-has a short form, answers the question: “what was done (a, o, s)?”
-divided into active and passive.

Active participles(the action is performed by a noun) answer the question: what is he doing, what was he doing?

For example: reading person (the person reads himself)

Passive participles(action is performed on a noun) answer the questions: what is being done, what is being done.

For example: read book (someone read a book, i.e. an action is performed on the book.)

How to distinguish a verbal adjective from a participle:

Verbal adjectives- these are adjectives formed from the verb stem in a suffixal way, retaining only a genetic connection with the verbs. (can be replaced with an adjective synonym)
Examples: Tanning, copying (with the suffix -linen). Exclamatory, fortune-telling (with the suffix -teln-y). Experienced, lethargic, burnt (with the suffix -l-y, go back to Old Russian participles). Hanging, flammable, explosive, -uch- (-yuch-), go back to the Old Russian participles).

Participatory formations, (also classified as adjectives), i.e., participles that have lost aspectual and tense meanings, as well as verbal control (adjectival participles). Boiled, faceted, gifted, torn, fried.

Participles
1) retain their verbal character (can be replaced with a construction with a verb)
2) can be formed from perfective verbs
3) can have dependent words, unlike adjectives.

Н, НН in suffixes of adjectives and participles

1. In denominative adjectives (derived from nouns), which have no basis -n, and in non-derivative adjectives;

Anniversary-anniversary

Blue; green

-en-, -yan-, -in-:

Sand-sandy

Leather-leather

Excl: tin, glass, wood

1. In denominal adjectives with a stem on -n;

Sleep - sleepy

Length – long

2. In denominative adjectives with suffixes

-enn- , -he N-

Art-artificial,

Lecture-lecture

Morning-morning

3. In adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without prefixes, except Not-) and dependent words

Paint (chapter NV without prefix) - painted

Frighten - frightened

Called

Their spelling does not change as part of complex words (smooth-colored, fresh-frozen, but smooth-colored, because there is a prefix o)

Excl: desired, made, unseen, unheard of, accidental, unexpected, unexpected, sacred, cutesy, slow, long-awaited, wakeful, cursed

3. In participles formed from perfective verbs, with prefixes (except Not-) and/or with dependent words:

Painted (but: unpainted), painted (with what?) with oil paint;

Worn out (but: unworn), worn (by whom?) by brother suit

Excl: named brother, imprisoned father, smart child, bride's dowry, forgiven Sunday, finished man In some prefixless participles formed from perfective verbs:

Given, abandoned, bought, decided, deprived

4. In short participles:

Seeded - seeded (a, o, s)

Reflected - reflected(a,o,s)

4. In full participles (adjectives) with -ovanny, -yovanny:

Pampered, cycled

Excl: forged, chewed

5. In short adjectives, if in full there was one -n-

Young girl - young girl

Green trees - trees are green

In short adjectives, if there were full ones -nn-

A valuable thing is a valuable thing

Long road - long road

Remember. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same amount of -n- is written as there was in the word from which they were formed:

Task 15 Unified State Exam 2015

This is how the task is formulated in the 2015 demo:

Place the signs punctuation. Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Someone was cleaning the mansion and waiting for the owners.

2) In the syntactic structure of the two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences.

3) M.V. Lomonosov outlined a distinction between significant and functional words, and later this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science.

4) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about Goethe’s correspondence with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

5) A.S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both ancient forests and cozy seaside towns.

Remember: For completing task 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points.

For each correctly indicated number corresponding to the answer number, the examinee receives 1 point. If 2 numbers are given correctly, the examinee receives 2 points. The order in which the numbers are written in the answer does not matter.

The task combines two tasks from last year’s KIMs: on commas in complex sentences and in sentences with homogeneous members. The answers may contain 2 examples with BSC, or 2 examples with homogeneous members, or 1 - BSC and 1 - with homogeneous members.

As follows from the wording of KIM 15, it is necessary to remember how punctuation marks are placed in a simple complex sentence (with homogeneous members) and in a complex sentence.

The main concept that allows us to distinguish between simple and complex sentences is GRAMMAR BASIS.

The grammatical basis is made up of the main members of the sentence, i.e. the subject and predicate in a two-part sentence or one of the main members in a one-part sentence.

A simple sentence contains one grammatical stem. It can be complicated; in this task we are interested in PUNCTION MARKS in a simple sentence complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

PUNCTION MARKS in a simple sentence complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

Homogeneous sentence members refer to the same sentence member, answer the same question and depend on the same sentence member.

Please note the following:

Firstly, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on the same word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of a sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the attribute, the complement, and the circumstance.

Homogeneous sentence members can be used:

no unions

with single unions

with repeated conjunctions

with double conjunctions

Bloomed in the garden roses, lilies, daisies

connecting conjunctions and, yes(=and), or

Suddenly a storm came with large AND frequent hail.

Autumn freshness, foliage AND fruits the garden smells fragrant.

adversative conjunctions a, but, yes (= but), but, however

Not iron key the heart opens, A kindness.

or either

not that... not that

1) and Ο, and Ο, and Ο

or Ο, or Ο, or Ο

It seems to me that they are noisy feasts, THAT military mill, THAT contractions combat.

2) Ο, and Ο, and Ο

You me can't you hear, OR Do not understand, Or simply you ignore.

3) Ο and Ο, Ο and Ο

Blizzards AND snowstorm, cold AND darkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.

not only but

both...and

if not...then

not so much as

although...but

A comma is placed before the second part of the conjunction!

not only Ο, but also Ο

both Ο and Ο

You can remember these norms HOW masters sports, AND for beginners.

PUNCTION MARKS IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

The comma is placed:

1. , (Peopledanced, laughed .)

2. , But (Wetired, but completed exercise.)

3. and , And (They were on the tableand paints and brushes .)

, And , And (They were on the tablepaints, brushes, and markers .)

4. How , so and (On the table wereboth paints and brushes . They were on the tablenot only paints, but also brushes )

There is no comma:

And Brought to the librarybooks and dictionaries .

or They will bring it to the librarybooks or dictionaries .

Trap #1!

A sentence may have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeating conjunctions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members that are connected within a row by a single conjunction.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous adverbials):

There are no commas anywhere!

Trap #2!

Phraseological phrases

(stable combinations of words):

PUNCTION MARKS in a compound sentence

A compound sentence is a complex sentence in which simple clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.

Coordinating conjunctions that connect simple sentences are found between simple sentences and are not included in any of them.

In complex sentences, parts are separated from each other by commas.

, .

There are no punctuation marks in complex sentences.

1. If there is a common member of the sentence, for example: In autumn, nature falls asleep and people prepare for winter.

(In autumn - a common term: nature falls asleep (when?) in the fall, people prepare for winter (when?) in the fall. A comma is not needed.)

2. If there is an introductory word common to the parts, for example: To our surprise, the weather changed suddenly and it became really hot.

(surprisingly, this is an introductory word; it applies to both parts of the sentence)

3. If parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part, for example: When mother entered the room, 1 / the fragments of the vase were lying on the floor 2 / and the children were trying to collect them 3.

(each of the parts of the compound sentence (2) and (3) refers to the general subordinate clause (1)

Note:

In the cases listed in paragraphs. 1–3, commas are added if there are repeated conjunctions. For example:

In autumn, nature goes to sleep, and people prepare for winter.

(there is a common member: in the fall, but there is also a repeating union: and... and..., so a comma is needed)

Unfortunately, either the teacher got sick, or the kids decided to skip class.

(there is a general introductory word, but there is also a repeating conjunction either... or..., so a comma is needed)

4. If the parts of a complex sentence are:

interrogative sentences, for example: When will you come again and can we meet?

incentive offers, for example: Try to do everything well and may everything work out for you!

exclamatory sentences, for example: How good you are and how I like everything!

denominative sentences, for example: Heat and stuffiness. Cold and rain.

impersonal sentences, for example: It's hot and stuffy. Cold and rainy.

Task 15 of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language. Theory.

Task 15 is aimed at identifying your knowledge on the following topics:

Placing a comma with homogeneous terms;

Placing a comma in the BSC.

Comma for homogeneous terms

A comma is needed

No comma needed

between homogeneous members not related by unions

The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles.

, , , ,

between two similar members if they are connected by a single union

The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, studied and systematized them.

between homogeneous members connected by adversarial unions, but, yes (in the meaning But), however, but

The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, systematized them, studied them, but at that time they could not organize an exhibition.

But

between two homogeneous members, if they are connected by a single union in a pair

The museum staff carefully preserved the collections and studied them.

between homogeneous members connected by repeating unions:
creative, yes (meaning And), neither... nor dividing or, either, then... then, either... or, not that... not that)

The museum staff stored the collections, systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles.

And, and, and, and

in stable combinations

neither fluff nor feather, and laughter and sin, neither light nor dawn, etc.

before the second part of the double conjunctions, not only..., but also...; both... and...; not so much..., but; although..., but...; if not... then etc.

The museum staff not only stored the collections, but also systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles.

[ not only but ], ,

Commas are not used if several definitions are not homogeneous members

between paired homogeneous members connected by AND and OR

Museum staff carefully preserved and studied the collections, organized exhibitions and published scientific articles.

And , and

In a complex sentence, a comma is usually placed between two grammatical stems.

Nature is waking up and people are preparing for winter.

There is no need for a comma in a compound sentence.
In the following situations:	Example:
1. If there is a common minor member of the sentence	In autumn, nature falls asleep and people prepare for winter.
2. If there is common to partsintroductory word, phrase, or sentence, particle, isolated member of a sentence (comparative phrase).	To our surprise, the weather changed suddenly and it became really hot. Long live the light and let the darkness disappear Further meetings were just as pleasant and the conversations were just as useful, like the first time.
3. If parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part	When mom entered the room, 1 / the fragments of the vase were lying on the floor 2 / and the children were trying to collect them 3 As often happens, the bad is remembered and the good is forgotten
4. If the parts of a complex sentence are: 1) interrogative sentences; 2) incentive offers; 3) exclamatory sentences; 4) nominal sentences; 5) impersonal offers, and having synonymous words as part of predicates	1) When will you come again and can we meet? 2) Try to do everything well and may everything work out for you! 3) How good you are and how I like everything! 4) Heat and stuffiness. Cold and rain. 5) Hot and stuffy. Cold and rainy.

Notes:

1. If there is a common minor member of the sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction if the conjunction is repeated:

In such weather, the wolf does not prowl, and the bear does not crawl out of the den.

2. An adversative conjunction after or before which there are two simple sentences connected by a conjunction is not a unifying element, therefore a comma is placed before and:

Ibrahim would have been very happy to get rid of it, but the assembly was an official matter, and the sovereign strictly demanded the presence of his entourage (P.); He suppressed a sigh and slowly began to roll up a cigarette, but for some reason his hands trembled, and he spilled tobacco on his knees (Sh.); The thunderstorm passed and the clouds cleared, but the stuffiness still remained.

Offers

1. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

There is no longer any measure, no name, no comparison for our suffering.
Only the yellow squares of the windows of the log hut cut through the darkness and in the center of the blizzard round dance a bright red tongue dances.
Bird whistles and clicking greet the morning in the forest and coastal bushes.
The nuts are either ground into flour in a hand mill or placed in water overnight and kneaded into dough the next morning.
Summer came late this year and was unlike any other summer.

2. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

With frightening haste, the fog left the swamp and its white wisps looked like swans soaring into the sky.
In dark and damp spruce forests with a lot of blueberries, there are few mushrooms.
The cart was jumping up and down, falling somewhere into the depths, and then swaying.
Not only among the Slavs, but also among all ancient peoples, the oak was revered as a sacred tree.
Shots rang out somewhere behind the houses and drowned in the blue dome of the sky.

3. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

Only under the wall of the brigade barracks and near the poles of the fence are tufts of dusty grass sticking out.
Then suddenly the starling lets out a nightingale's ringing trill, or quacks like a wild duck.
The autumn sun and wind dried the leaves on the trees and colored them yellow and brown.
All day long I wandered through the forest, climbed into the very jungle and looked at the tracks on the ground.
The wind raged, rippled the cold puddles, and bent the slender, flexible poplars to the ground.

4. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

The shadows of the old blackened trees fell into the rooms and therefore the apartment was always gloomy and cold.
The alarmed swan rose above the water and flapped its wide silver wings.
Nomadic life did not change anything in Oska’s appearance, character or speech.
I was tormented by the feeling of either approaching troubles or an incipient illness.
Brown hares run through the fields at night, digging up winter crops and leaving tangled tracks in the snow.

5. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

I walked out the door and saw a fox at the steps of the porch.
Daily trips to school through a dark, dense forest strengthened not only Glebka’s muscles but also his character.
The streets themselves seemed like gorges or river beds.
Later Glebka got used to rustling sounds and forest noises and to the darkness.
Flowers appear above the water only in the morning or evening.

6. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

The night grew colder and the river smelled damp.
Lida was shaking either from cold or from fear.
The flowers subtly and delicately smell of the freshness of the river and hay.
The entire space from the edge of the village to the lake was filled with tents, stalls, carts and cars.
The next day, Mikhail Prokofievich calmly went to Sokolniki or Kolomenskoye for a walk and indulged in reflection.

7. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

After all these events, Petka and Vaska forgot about the tent for several days.
The sun sank into crimson clouds and it began to rain several times.
The dense crowns of the trees in the master's garden quietly murmured thoughtfully, and their barely audible rustle merged and faded away into the deep silence of the night.
The next morning the grandfather put on clean boots and new bast shoes, took a staff and a piece of bread and wandered into the city.
Every bush and every tree collects rainwater on its leaves and showers the traveler from head to toe in large drops.

8. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

Marina successfully passed the first and second screenings and was admitted to the exam before the state commission.
All the heavy and dense foliage of the poplar trembled and made noise from the storm.
Small wrinkles spread out like rays around the grandmother’s eyes, and streams of greeting laughter and barely noticeable clever cunning ran from her eyes.
The ice floe began to move under our feet and the crack began to grow before our eyes.
Only our northern spring plays so easily with winds and fogs, rains and frosts.

9. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

Before evening, people gathered at the station not only from the village but from all the neighboring villages.
I gave up solving the problem and ran into the garden to see the kids.
One day he [Mikhail Prokofievich] could sleep entirely, but then he wrote or read books all night long.
Within a second, Sedletsky was able to see streams of rain and wet roofs of houses and a black seething canyon in the lowland.
The man took off his hat, put it under his arm, wiped away the sweat with his only hand and calmly looked around.

(Authors of the texts used to compile the test: Avtokratov N., Arsenyev V., Berggolts O., Borzunov S., Brazhnin I., Veresaev V., Verzilin N., Vsevolzhsky I., Gaidar A., Golubev G., Golyavkin V ., Davydova N., Dubov N., Kokovin E., Krapivin V., Kubansky G., Kuprin A. Likhachev V., Medynsky G., Miroshnichenko G., Nikolaev I., Oseeva V., Panova V., Paustovsky K., Platov L., Rybakov A., Ryss E., Sokolov-Mikitov I., Fedorov E., Chesnokov I., Shatalov V., Yarotsky B.)

Seal

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