Where is the Far East? Far East of Russia What is located in the Far East.

Mixed oriental culture, amazing virgin nature and the special atmosphere of the “end of the world” - all this can be found when going on a Far Eastern expedition. Every corner of this part of the country is beautiful, but several lifetimes are not enough to explore everything. We decided to make your preparation easier and have selected 10 must-see places.

This canyon, mesmerizing in its beauty, is visited by thousands of tourists every year, despite its inaccessibility. The Valley of Geysers is the only place in all of Eurasia where you can see fountains of boiling water and steam. The most powerful geyser in the valley releases a stream of steam 300 meters high. In addition, there are a huge number of waterfalls, lakes, hot springs and other natural beauties. An ecological trail has been laid out for tourists, which offers beautiful views, and if you’re lucky, you can see bears in their natural habitat. The valley is open to visits only with excursion groups.

The Russian Far East is good not only for its amazing nature, but also for its interesting cities. The port city of Vladivostok boasts the world's largest cable-stayed bridge, impressive views of the Pacific Ocean, and nationally famous crabs. The longest railway in Russia, the Trans-Siberian Railway, also ends in this city. But we, of course, recommend taking a plane. It is better to go to Vladivostok in August; this month the weather is the most pleasant there. While exploring the city, don't forget to look at the Amur Tiger monument, walk to the Star Lighthouse at sunset, and stroll along the local embankment. If it seems that Vladivostok is too far away, and a route has not been invented for the May holidays, then there are options.

This harbor, which has gained fame as one of the most beautiful in the world, can be visited all year round thanks to its special feature - it does not freeze even in winter. In addition, it is so large that it can accommodate a vessel of any size. At the entrance to Avacha Bay there are the so-called “three brothers” - three rocks with an interesting history. They say that once a terrible endless storm broke out here, destroying the entire coast, and three brave brothers stood up to protect their people. The bad weather retreated, and the brothers turned into stones and still guard the harbor. The local rivers are famous for excellent fishing, and in the area you can find many marine animals, such as seals.

If you want to explore the entire Kamchatka region (it’s so beautiful and it’s so cheap!), but there’s no such opportunity, you can look at all its beauties in miniature. In Bystrinsky Park you can find all types of Kamchatka landscapes, forests and mountain ranges. Due to the unique nature, this park is included in the UNESCO natural heritage list. Tourists can explore this place as part of numerous excursions available all year round, or on their own. Here you can raft rivers, dog sled, climb a volcano, and hike through alpine meadows and deciduous forests.

This park is unique in that on its territory there is a training ground where the daily processes of mountain formation, the action of volcanoes and the development of animal and fish populations are recorded. There are many active volcanoes and they are also on the UNESCO list. The local nature is especially carefully protected from human encroachment, so getting into the park is not easy - you need a special permit, as well as mandatory adherence to all the rules of the reserve. A little more about.

The most anomalous place in the Far East - Death Valley - got its name not for the sake of a catchphrase; It’s really dangerous to be here because of the huge amount of poisonous gases. However, this disastrous place is located very close to the famous Valley of Geysers, and for a long time no one even suspected that such a danger was lurking literally nearby. Everything was discovered by chance, when local hunters were missing several dogs, and then found them dead and felt bad themselves. Fortunately, a few hours after a person leaves this area, the weakness passes, but the valley is still closed to visitors. However, there is a unique opportunity to look at it from above by booking a helicopter tour.

This volcano appeared more than forty thousand years ago, and as a result of the last eruption it formed a caldera - a bowl resulting from the collapse of the walls of the volcano’s crater. Now there are many rivers and streams, thermal springs and lakes with sulfurous water, the temperature of which reaches 40 degrees. Ancient microorganisms and even oil were found here. In the center of the caldera there is a helipad from which excursions to this amazing place begin. To get there, you need to get a special permit.

Nature sometimes creates unusual things, looking at which it is difficult to believe that there were no human intervention. One such object is the Steller Arch, located on Bering Island. It is 20.6 meters high and is made of solid stone; over many centuries, all soft rocks were washed away by water or destroyed by winds. The arch is named after the German scientist who devoted most of his life to studying the nature of the Far East. The best time to visit this place is, of course, summer, although in winter the snow-covered arch looks very mesmerizing.

On the huge plateau of the park there are 12 main volcanoes, among which is the highest active volcano in Eurasia, Klyuchevskoy. It reaches 4750 meters in height. The tops of the volcanoes are covered with ice, and almost all the rivers of the natural park originate from them. The park is home to rare animals such as bighorn sheep and wolverines and very rich vegetation. When going on a trip along the local trails, you need to be careful and be sure to have a satellite phone and a GPS navigation device with you. Some routes are designed specifically for professional climbers only. The best time to visit Klyuchevsky Park is from June to August.

The Far Eastern Federal District is the most remote region of the Russian Federation. It includes ten territorial units, including Sakhalin, Yakutia, Kamchatka Territory and Amur Region. The region borders Korea, Japan, the USA and China.

Active settlement of the land began in the 19th century, although it is known about many nationalities that have lived in the territory of the modern region since the Stone Age. Today, an impressive industrial complex has been created on the territory of the Far Eastern District. Demographic diversity is no less widespread.

Population of the Far East

The Far East is sparsely populated. On an area of ​​6169.3 thousand square meters. km (39% of the country's area) is home to about 7.6 million people (a little more than 5% of the Russian population). That is, the average population density is 1.2 people per square kilometer. For comparison, the population density in Central Russia is 46 people per square meter. km. However, the population is distributed extremely unevenly across regions. For example, Primorsky Krai and southern Sakhalin have a density of 12 people. per sq. km, the same figure in the Kamchatka or Magadan regions fluctuates between 0.2 and 0.3.

The demographic situation in the region is characterized by negative dynamics, however, the rapid development of the agro-industrial complex provokes mechanical population growth, and with it natural population growth. The bulk of the population of the Far East consists of Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars and Jews.

But the galaxy of indigenous peoples deserves special attention: Nanais, Aleuts, Evenks, Chukchi, Eskimos and many others. The previously mentioned rapid industrial development has a negative impact on the number of indigenous peoples. The habitat and traditions are gradually collapsing under the influence of industry and culture of the Russians.

Industry of the Far East

The lands of the Far East are a rich storehouse of natural and fossil resources. The leading positions in the region's agro-industrial complex are occupied by three sectors: mining, forestry and fishing. The mining industry is focused on the extraction, enrichment and, partly, processing of non-ferrous metal ores. Tin, mercury, lead, zinc, and tungsten are supplied from the Far East to European Russia and for export. Particularly noteworthy are the volumes of gold, silver and diamonds produced. There are currently 827 mineral deposits under active development throughout the region. In the Magadan region and Yakutia, mineral extraction accounts for 60% of the total industry.

The vast expanses of the region are where about a quarter of all Russian timber reserves, or 20 billion cubic meters, are stored. Many industry enterprises producing paper, furniture, and plywood use these materials. The main export of timber occurs in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, the Amur Region, Sakhalin and Yakutia.

The Far East leads among other regions of the country in fishing and seafood production. Canned Far Eastern products are well known in Russia and far beyond its borders. Among the main types of commercial fish, herring, pollock, tuna, and salmon are especially actively caught. In addition, there is active fishing for crabs, scallops, mussels, squid, and processing of caviar and seaweed.

Agriculture of the Far East

The climate of the Far Eastern region is diverse, but neither the Arctic, nor the subarctic, nor the maritime climate is suitable for the full development of agriculture. However, in the south of the region, in the Primorsky Territory and the Amur Region, about 2% of Russian arable land is located. Grain crops (rice, wheat, oats), fruit and vegetable crops are actively grown here. Of particular note is the cultivation of soybeans.

The livestock sector of agriculture is represented by meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding. In the northern regions of the region, reindeer husbandry and fur farming are actively developing.

Occupies the easternmost part of Russia, including the Novosibirsk, Kuril, and Sakhalin islands. This is the largest region in Russia, with an area of ​​6.2 million km2.

Composition: 10 subjects of the federation - Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, Primorsky, Khabarovsk territories, the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), the European Autonomous Region, Chukotka and Koryak Autonomous Okrug.

EGP is unique. The Far East is very remote from the main economic regions of the country; communication with them is difficult due to poor transport availability. On the other hand, the region has wide access to and, a sea border with and, a land border with and, that is, an advantageous foreign trade position, being a connecting link between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

The population is multinational, small, with an average density of just over 1 person/km2. As in other eastern regions, the population is concentrated in the favorable southern part along. The level is 76%, one of the highest in Russia.

The national composition of the population is very diverse, but Russians predominate everywhere. Their share reaches 88%, about 7% are. Koreans also live here. In recent years there has been a significant influx of Chinese. Indigenous peoples are represented (380 thousand people), in the north live the Evens, the northeast is occupied by the Aleuts, in Kamchatka - and the Itelmens, in the Amur basin and to the east of it - the Nanais, Ulchi, Orochi, Sroki, Udege, Nivkh. The number of each nation does not exceed 10 thousand people. (Evenks - 24 thousand people). Difficult living conditions determined the predominance of the urban population over the rural population, on average for the region - 76%.

Branches of specialization:

Mining. The region has more than 70 types of minerals, including 90% of Russia's tungsten, 80% of tin, 98% of diamonds, 70% of gold, as well as polymetallic ores. There are rich oil and gas deposits. Higher quality coal is mined from the South Yakutsk and Lena basins.
developed in Primorye and Khabarovsk Territory. Tin, lead, and zinc smelting plants are located in Dalnegorsk and Khrustalninsk.
The timber and pulp and paper industries are concentrated in the south of the region; there are rich resources here, including valuable broad-leaved trees (Blagoveshchensk, Lesozavodsk, Khabarovsk).
Fishing industry. The Far Eastern seas account for more than 60% of fish and seafood products (salmon, crabs, shrimp, squid, etc.). Centers: Sakhalin, Primorye, Kamchatka.
The hydropotential of the rivers - Lena, Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri - is enormous; ports - Nakhodka, Vanino, etc. - play a major role in the economy of the region.

A large South Yakutsk TPK is being created (ore, apatite, coal, timber, non-ferrous metallurgy, energy). Currently, only the most valuable products - non-ferrous metals and seafood - come to the European part from the Far East, the rest is exported to Japan and other countries.

A third of the territory of Russia, its population is no more than 5% of the total number of residents of the country. In 1999, their number barely exceeded 7 million people, and over the next 10 years it increased by 22%. The population of the largest cities in this region - Vladivostok and Khabarovsk - fluctuates around half a million. And the smallest administrative center of Chukotka, the city of Anadyr, does not reach 12 thousand people. In search of greater comfort and better opportunities, people continue to leave these harsh regions, despite the efforts of local authorities to find new ways of development and the meaning of existence of people in these regions.

According to the residents themselves, the reason for depopulation is low due to weak entrepreneurial activity and job cuts, as well as a lack of preschool and educational institutions. Owners of small and medium-sized businesses argue that the reason is the low consumer power of the population, weak urban infrastructure, “administrative barriers” and the lack of qualified specialists. A powerful deterrent to the transition of medium-sized businesses to large ones is corruption at different levels and in the form of criminal elements as such.

It should be noted that the Far Eastern cities are relatively young. For example, Khabarovsk was founded in 1880, Vladivostok, with a population of more than 600 thousand people, was founded in 1860 as a military fortress, but 20 years later it became a city. The development of lands far from the capital region has always been a priority for Russia, and therefore a lot of effort and money went into the development of the territories. Thus, in these northern cities there are many cultural institutions that the central part of the country can only envy, and the Far Eastern Federal University has been created with six hundred educational programs. This is a real giant that forms an entire campus in the very heart of Vladivostok.

Thanks to their advantageous location, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok are ahead of other cities in terms of infrastructure development and human resources. An undeniable advantage is good transport links: the availability of air, railway and road communications. The proximity of China helps to organize the supply of raw materials and goods and attract investors. Cities such as Blagoveshchensk and Artem are not far behind in this regard. Where there is also a productive dialogue between the authorities and entrepreneurs, business support programs, healthy competition, and a low level of corruption.

Residents of Yakutsk, the birthplace of diamonds, on the contrary, are not spoiled by developed infrastructure, support from local authorities and a decent standard of living. This category of cities with spartan conditions includes Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Magadan. However, Yakutia and Kamchatka attract tourists with their extreme and wild beauty. Alpine skiing, hunting, dog sledding, ecotourism and ethnographic excursions are just a small list of available entertainment.

The Far East includes 10 regions that differ in climate, topography, and population density. On their territory there are many cities, villages and settlements. Which cities of the Far East are the largest and play a significant role in the economic, social and cultural aspects of the region?

Vladivostok

Vladivostok is the main city of Primorsky Krai. The city's population is approximately 600 thousand people. It is located on the shores of the Sea of ​​Japan, on the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. This region is depopulating, i.e. the population is decreasing. This is happening due to the fact that people, especially young people, are leaving the region and moving closer to the capital.

Rice. 1. Coat of arms of Vladivostok.

Vladivostok is the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway

Vladivostok was founded as a military port in 1860, and only in 1880 received city status. In 1938 it became the administrative center of the Primorsky Territory.

Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk is the center not only of the Khabarovsk Territory, but also of the entire Far Eastern Federal District. The population is slightly larger than in Vladivostok - 618 thousand people. The city was founded in 1858 as a military post and named after the Russian explorer Erofey Khabarov. The peculiarity of the city is that it is located close to the border with China.

Khabarovsk is depicted on the 5 thousand ruble banknote.

Yakutsk

The city is the capital of the Sakha Republic. About 308 thousand people live here. In terms of population, it ranks third after Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. Located in the permafrost zone. the population of Yakutsk is gradually increasing due to natural growth and the relocation of people from rural areas to the capital of the Sakha Republic.

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Komsomolsk-on-Amur is a city in the Khabarovsk Territory with a population of about 250 thousand inhabitants. It is located on the left bank of the Amur, 404 km from Khabarovsk. The city has universities, institutes, metallurgical and oil refineries, and an aircraft plant. It is officially believed that the city was named after the Komsomol members who were the discoverers and builders of the city, although it is known that the city was built by prisoners.

Rice. 2. Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Another fairly large city, but much smaller than Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, is Blagoveshchensk. It is located on the left bank of the Amur and on the right bank of the Zeya River. Its population is 225 thousand people.

There are 66 cities in the Far Eastern region. The two largest cities have a population of more than 500 thousand, and the smallest cities have less than 10 thousand.

Rice. 3. Blagoveshchensk.

List of cities in the Russian Far East

• Aldan;
• Amursk;
• Arsenyev;
• Artyom;
• Belogorsk;
• Birobidzhan;
• Big Stone;
• Vilyuchinsk;
• Vladivostok;
• Dalnegorsk;
• Dalnerechensk;
• Elizovo;
• Korsakov;
• Lensk;
• Lesozavodsk;
• Magadan;
• Peaceful;
• Nakhodka;
• Neryungri;
• Partizansk;
• Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky;
• Free;
• Sovetskaya Gavan;
• Spassk-Dalniy;
• Tynda;
• Ussuriysk;
• Fokino;
• Khabarovsk;
• Kholmsk;
• Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk;
• Yakutsk

What have we learned?

The cities of the Far East have a special geographical and economic position. Many are landlocked or have borders with foreign countries. The largest cities are Khabarovsk and Vladivostok.

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