Monday (rule of the week): The difference between "not" and "nor". Unimpacted particles are not and neither Differences between particles are not and nor

1. Particle Not used for negation, for example: I didn't say this. I didn't talk about this. That's not what I was talking about.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using this particle:
1. In the presence of a negative particle Not in both the first and second parts of the compound verbal predicate, the sentence receives an affirmative meaning, for example: I can't help but mention...(i.e. must mention), I can't help but admit...(i.e. you need to confess).
2. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences the particle Not adjoins pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how not, who doesn't, who else, where not, wherever, what not, what not, what not and so on.; here are interrogative sentences with the combination Not - whether, For example:

   Well, how can you not please your loved one!(Griboyedov).

   Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t sworn at them?(Pushkin).

   Why aren't you great?(Pushkin).

   Where has he been? What has he not seen! Why not work! Searched the light; don't you want to get married?(Griboyedov).

   Would you like some hay?(Krylov).

3. In conjunction with the union Bye particle Not used in subordinate clauses of time, denoting the limit until which the action expressed by the predicate of the main sentence lasts, for example: Sit here until I come;
4. Particle Not is part of stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly not, indicating the assumption, not far, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, denoting reinforced negation, for example: probably the best shooter, almost five o'clock in the morning, not a fair decision at all, not a bad product at all, far from being a reliable remedy;
5. Particle Not is part of the coordinating conjunctions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not that not - but; not that not - but, For example:

   Give me the ring and go; otherwise I'll do something to you that you don't expect(Pushkin).

   Up above, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing.(Chekhov).

   The partisans had more than just rifles, but also machine guns(Stavsky).

3. Particle neither used to strengthen negation, for example:

   I couldn't profit from a bone anywhere(Krylov).

   There was not a single clearing in the sky behind(Fadeev).

   Metelitsa never even looked at those asking(Fadeev).

   There is not a soul in the village now: everyone is in the field(Fadeev).

Repeating particle neither takes on the meaning of a conjunction, for example:

There was no water or trees anywhere to be seen(Chekhov).

Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace your only friend(Pushkin).

But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his melancholy(Chekhov).

I don't know who you are, who he is(Turgenev).

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using the particle neither:

1. a) Particle neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to enhance the affirmative meaning, for example:

   Obey him in everything he commands.(Pushkin).

   No matter how hard we tried, he could not distinguish iambic from trochee.(Pushkin).

   Everywhere I look, there is thick rye(Maikov).

   Whoever passes, everyone will praise(Pushkin).

Particle neither in subordinate clauses of the indicated type adjoins a relative word or a conjunction, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whoever, whatever, whatever, no matter how, howsoever, no matter how much, no matter how much, anywhere, wherever, anywhere, wherever, whatever, Whichever, no one's, no matter whose, whenever, whenever and so on.

These combinations have entered some stable circulation: no matter what, out of nowhere, through thick and thin and so on.

2. b) Particle neither occurs in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: Don `t move, not a step further, not a word and so on.
3. c) Particle neither is part of negative pronouns: nobody, no one (no one) etc.; nothing, Nothing (no matter what) etc.; no, no (no one) etc.; nobody's, nobody's (no one's) etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, no way, not at all, never mind, not at all, as well as into the particle composition someday.

It is written neither in stable combinations that include pronouns, for example: left with nothing, left with nothing, disappeared for nothing.

4. d) Double neither is included in stable expressions, which are a combination of two opposed concepts, for example: neither alive nor dead; neither this nor that; neither fish nor fowl; neither give nor take; neither peahen nor crow and so on.

The difference between not and neither is the most difficult topic for spelling both in grade VI, where it is studied for the first time, and in high school, where it is repeated more than once. Therefore, we will dwell on it in detail, using all possible comparisons.

Students must remember:

Cannot stand before various parts of speech and convey complete negation. The meaning of complete negation in a particle not in the presence of opposition is especially clearly expressed: Not a bush, but with leaves, not a shirt, but sewn, not a person, but telling (a riddle).

Doesn't matter equals no: I haven't been to the theater. (Was there? - No.) This is not the place or time to have these conversations. (Place? - No. Time? - No.)

The particle cannot be omitted without destroying the meaning of the statement (the negative meaning disappears in it, i.e. the statement takes on the opposite meaning): It was not reproaches, not punishment that awaited him, but the happy eyes of his mother.

Neither is an intensifying particle; it is used in two main meanings: it strengthens the affirmation and strengthens the negation.

Let's focus on the first meaning of ni.

Neither strengthens the statement, i.e. has an affirmative meaning, and is used in subordinate clauses with a concessive connotation. Let’s compare the sentences: The doctor couldn’t sleep and didn’t try. The doctor could not sleep, no matter how hard he tried (Pan.).

In the first sentence both predicates are negative. (Could? - No. Did you try? - No.) In the second sentence, the predicate of the main sentence is negative (couldn’t), and in the subordinate clause the concessive does not strengthen the affirmative meaning. Here neither equals yes. (Could you fall asleep? - No. Did you try? - Yes.)

In this case, neither can be omitted from the sentence without violating the meaning, since neither in itself denies, but only strengthens the negation (The doctor could not sleep, although he tried).

Here it is useful to compare sentences with not and neither: Whoever did not answer today will answer tomorrow and whoever answered today answered well. It is impossible not to omit a particle from the first sentence, since it would be nonsense; it is not easy to omit an affirmative particle from the second sentence without changing its meaning (Whoever answered today answered well).

After analyzing a sufficient number of examples, such training exercises can be carried out.

1. Rewrite the text so that instead there is neither and vice versa; They worked with him a lot so that he would not make mistakes. “Whatever he did, he did everything with great diligence.

1) Whoever heard him, everyone was amazed by his eloquence.

2) Whoever came to these places, everyone dreamed of coming here again.

3) Those who did not come to the city knew nothing about the events.

4) Those who did not visit the exhibition may regret it.

5) To prevent him from talking about this topic, we tried to distract him,

2. Complete the sentences.

1) Where I won’t go… . Wherever I go… .

2) Whatever (whatever) happens… . Whatever happens...

3) Wherever you are…, Wherever you are….

4) Who didn’t work with him... , Who didn’t work with him... .

5) Whom I didn’t ask… . Whoever I asked… .

6) When he didn’t apply… . Whenever he contacted… .

7) To whomever... . Who doesn't...

Wherever… . Where not… .

9) Whoever… . Who doesn't...

10) Whom not… .Whom not… .

11) Where not... . Wherever...

12) When not... . Whenever...

3. Rearrange the following sentences by inserting the particle ni into them: I sleep a lot, but I still want to sleep. - No matter how much I sleep, I still want to sleep.

1) I looked, but couldn’t see anything in the fog.

2) He was in a hurry, but he was still late.

3) Whatever he plans, he succeeds.

4) Whatever you ask, I will do it.

The second purpose is to strengthen the negation, which is expressed by the particle not standing in front of the predicate. A negative predicate can also be expressed by the word neg. There is not a star in the sky. There is not a star in the sky; I didn't have a minute of free time. I don't have a minute of free time.

The negative predicate in such sentences may be completely absent, but it is very easy to restore, and then the implied negation does not strengthen: There are not stars in the sky. I don't have a minute of free time.

In these sentences, neither can be replaced by an intensifying particle even or a conjunction and: You can’t even see a star in the sky; Not even a star is visible in the sky. If you omit neither, the meaning of the sentence does not change: There are no stars visible in the sky; I didn't have a minute of free time.

So, neither - even - and. Neither can be omitted.

Several exercises to consolidate the spelling of the particle ni, which reinforces negation.

1. In the given sentences, where possible:

1) omit the predicate.

2) replace even with an intensifying particle.

3) union and.

4) release neither from the sentence.

1) He doesn’t lag behind me a single step.

2) There was not a soul around.

3) He cannot be left for a second.

4) The rain did not stop for an hour.

2. Insert a noun with neither.

1) There was no… around.

2) You can’t retreat….

3) There was no….. in my mouth.

4) There is no truth in his story...

5) I don’t have any free time….

Often there are sentences with a repeating particle ni, which is used as a connecting conjunction with homogeneous members and strengthens not only the negation, but also the enumeration. Here, as in the previous case, neither – even – and and nor can be omitted. For students to understand this, they should compare the sentences:

1) There was no animal under the tree or bush. - He was not under a tree, not under a bush, but in an open place.

2) This painting was neither in the museum nor at the exhibition. - This painting was not in the museum, not at the exhibition, but in the reserve fund.

When deciding on writing not or neither, we teach schoolchildren to reason. Let's take the sentence as an example No matter how hard Alexey tried, he could not discern either joy or surprise on their faces. Students will reason like this: “Did Alexey try? - Yes, I tried (not yes). Could he see it? - No, I couldn’t (no, no). No joy, no surprise (not even joy, not even surprise; and joy and surprise; joy and surprise). You can omit either: Alexey tried, but could not see the joy and surprise on their faces.

For such an analysis, you can use the following sentences.

1) No matter how hot it was, no matter how cold the frost, the work did not stop for a minute.

2) It seemed that there would never be any sun, no shine, no colors in the world (T.).

3) No matter where you look, you won’t see a bush or tree anywhere.

Spelling NOT and NOR.

Spelling is not and neither with different parts of speech.

The rule is divided into two parts:

continuous or separate writing NOT with all parts of speech;

difference between NOT and NOR

Rule.

Integrated and separate writing NOT (the picture can be enlarged by clicking on it)

Distinguish!

Depending on conditions

Difference between NOT and NOR

In a simple sentence

In a complex sentence, with the words where, where, how, when, what, who, how many NOT/NOR:

Parsing algorithm.

1. Identify the part of speech.

2. See if there are words in the sentence that are NOT always written separately.

3. Pay attention to whether there is a prefix NEDO- or a combination NOT DO-.

4. Regarding parts of speech, remember the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence is NOT written SEPARATELY with the word?

1) He lacks experience and (doesn’t) have enough patience.

2) Our country is (in)dependent.

3) Somehow they immediately (dis)loved him.

4) We stopped at a site that was not at all suitable for construction.

Option #1.

(Not) enough– verb with NOT (TO)-. Removing NOT-: he has enough patience. You can’t say that, it means it can’t be used without NOT. Write together!

Option #2.

(NOT)dependent – This is a short participle with the suffix –IM. There is no dependent word in the instrumental case in the sentence, which means we are NOT writing together.

Option #3.

(Not) fell in love– without NOT not used. Write together.

What silence! The wind does not bend either a blade of grass or a flower. You can't wait for such a blessed day! (A. Pleshcheev.)

The particle Not most often conveys denial: Not me, couldn’t, not a friend, not sick. It is written separately from the words it refers to

The particle Cannot also be used in sentences that do not have a negative meaning: In the presence of a double negative: I could not help but know (= I knew); In interrogative and exclamatory sentences with a general meaning such as: Who doesn’t know the names of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky! (= everyone knows!)

The particle No most often strengthens the negation when it is expressed by the particle No or the words no, it is impossible: Because of the darkness it was impossible to read or write. Strengthening denial is the main function of the NI particle!

The particle Ni, like the particle Not, is written separately from the words to which it refers. When used with homogeneous members, the particle Ni acquires the meaning of the union I: Neither brother nor sister wanted to leave. (= Both brother and sister did not want to leave.)

1. In sentences with a negative meaning, but without negative words no, no, impossible: No sound, no rustle. . . (implies that it is not audible, there is no sound, no rustle).

2. In the subordinate clause of a sentence like No matter how many times I came, he was never at home. (= Although I came many times, he was not at home.)

It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of unimpacted particles not and neither. These particles differ in meaning and use.

1. The particle is not used for negation, for example: I didn’t say that. I didn't talk about this. That's not what I was talking about.

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using this particle:

a) in the presence of a negative particle not in both the first and second parts of a compound verbal predicate, the sentence receives an affirmative meaning, for example: I can’t help but mention... (i.e. “must mention”), I can’t help but confess... ( i.e. “you have to confess”);

b) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences, the particle is not adjacent to pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how not, who not, who only not, where not, where not, what not, what not, what not and etc.; This includes interrogative sentences with the combination not - whether, for example:

Well, how can you not please your loved one! (Griboyedov).

Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t sworn at them? (Pushkin).

Why aren't you great? (Pushkin). Where has he been? What has he not seen! Why not work!

Searched the light; don't you want to get married? (Griboyedov).
Would you like some hay? (Krylov).

c) In conjunction with the conjunction, the particle is not used in subordinate clauses of time, indicating the limit to which the action expressed by the predicate of the main sentence lasts, for example: Sit here until I come;

d) the particle is not part of stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly not, denoting an assumption, far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, denoting a strengthened negation, for example: almost the best shooter, almost five o'clock in the morning, not a fair decision at all, not a bad product at all, far from a reliable remedy;

e) the particle is not part of coordinating conjunctions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not just not - but; not that not - but, for example:

Give me the ring and go; otherwise I'll do something to you that you don't expect (Pushkin).

Up above, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing. (Chekhov).

The partisans had not only rifles, but also machine guns (Stavsky).

2. The particle is used to strengthen negation, for example:

I couldn't profit from a bone anywhere (Krylov).

There was not a single clearing in the sky behind (Fadeev).

Metelitsa never even looked at those asking (Fadeev).

There is not a soul in the village now: everyone is in the field (Fadeev).

A repeated particle does not acquire the meaning of a conjunction, for example:

There was no water or trees anywhere to be seen (Chekhov).

Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace your only friend (Pushkin).

But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his melancholy (Chekhov).

I don't know who you are or who he is (Turgenev).

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using the particle ni:

a) the particle is not used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to enhance the affirmative meaning, for example:

Obey him in everything he commands. (Pushkin).

No matter how hard we tried, he could not distinguish iambic from trochee. (Pushkin).

Everywhere I look, there is thick rye (Maikov).

Whoever passes, everyone will praise (Pushkin).

The particle neither in subordinate clauses of the indicated type is adjacent to a relative word or to a conjunction, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: who nor, whoever, whatever, whatever, no matter how, no matter how much, no matter how much, wherever, wherever, wherever, wherever, whichever, whichever, whoseever, whoseever, whenever, whenever etc.

These combinations have entered into some stable phrases: wherever it goes, out of nowhere, at any cost, etc.;

b) the particle does not occur in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: neither from a place, nor a step further, nor a word, etc.;

c) the particle neither is part of negative pronouns: no one, no one (no one), etc.; no one's, no one's (no one's), etc. and adverbs nothing, nothing (not up to anything), etc.; no, no (none), etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, from nowhere, in no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, as well as in the composition of the particle something.