Exercises for the letter z for children. Production and automation of sound in syllables, words, sentences, verses

When pronouncing the sound “sh” correctly, the tongue should occupy a certain position in the mouth. It is spread wide, and the tip is raised towards the hard palate, and forms a gap with it behind the upper teeth. The lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper incisors.

How to teach a child to say the letter “sh” at home - do tongue exercises with him

If the baby cannot pronounce the sound correctly, articulation gymnastics is needed. For home exercises, special exercises are used that train the speech apparatus. The child should perform them in front of the mirror to see how he can repeat what his mother shows:

• “fence” - the baby must close his teeth and show his mother what kind of “fence” he has made;
• “tube” - the child stretches his lips forward like a tube, then quickly alternates between the “tube” and “fence” exercises;
• “lazy tongue” - the tongue needs to be stuck out of the mouth and placed on the lower lip, completely relaxed;
• “bucket” - we bend the relaxed tongue up and place it behind the upper teeth, blow on it, which produces the sound “sh”.

In addition to the basic exercises given, you can use others. When the child can easily and correctly repeat all the tasks, they move on to making the sound “sh”.

Lessons on making the sound “sh”

A child's education cannot be achieved without play. First you need to check your attentiveness and clarity of perception. Say words with and without the letter “sh” in any order. Invite your child to clap his hands when he hears words that contain the sound “sh”.

Be sure to praise your child for his successes.

Ask your child to use his hand to depict a hissing snake, which must follow the drawn labyrinth to the goal.

As the child grows up, new words appear in his speech, the number of which increases every day. Parents, undoubtedly, rejoice at the achievements of their child, while not paying due attention to the pronunciation of certain or other letters.

This is how the child develops a habit of incorrect pronunciation of words, which will be difficult to correct in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to pay due attention to correcting this defect even when it is just beginning to be traced.

How to teach a child the letter "Zh"

In order to teach a child to say the letter “F”, parents do not have to seek help from a speech therapist. Training can be done at home with the help of special gymnastics, learning words that contain it, looking at pictures. It has been proven that learning in a playful way gives better results than drilling a child.

The effectiveness of training depends on preparation for it. Therefore, the first thing that needs to be done is to prepare the child for the upcoming lesson, provided that he is in a good mood. You should not conduct classes at a time when the child is worried about something or does not show interest, because such training will not bring results.

First, you need to prepare your baby’s articulatory apparatus for the lesson:

• Put your tongue out first on the lower lip, then on the lower teeth. Lightly tap it with your upper teeth, then let your tongue rest.
• With your tongue sticking out, draw a line from the upper edge of the upper lip to the inner edge, as if licking it.
• Bring your lips together into a tube and, using maximum effort, try to blow away a piece of paper located opposite you, or another light object.

Having prepared the articulatory apparatus, the baby needs to be given a little rest, and then move on to the next stage. During learning, attention should be paid only to the letter being studied in order to concentrate the baby’s attention on it.

Pictures and words on the letter “F”

Teaching children to clearly pronounce the letter “F” can be quite difficult, but no one promised that after the first lesson they will pronounce it correctly.

Therefore, parents need to be patient and continue to move in the necessary direction. After gymnastic exercises, you can teach children to say the letter “F” by asking them to repeat words in which this letter is present.

When choosing words, you need to understand that for the baby they should be understandable and easy to understand. Therefore, it is not worth loading it with long words. First you need to teach children words such as toad, acorn, beetle, heat, yellow, fat, magazine, sorry, hot and the like.

Then you should move on to studying words in which “F” is in the middle. Words that are easily understood by children include leather, puddle, curd, buzz, I’ll say, closer, hedgehog, red, leg.

Pictures are an excellent assistant in teaching children this letter. It is recommended to select colorful pictures that will interest the baby and motivate him to new achievements.

Pictures for teaching children must be chosen that are understandable. The child should know what is depicted on them. The letter “F” can be found in pictures depicting a beetle, a toad, a giraffe, an acorn, a crane, and jasmine blossoms.

By making regular classes in a short time, you can help your child master the letter “F”. At the same time, he will not feel pressure from the teacher, because he perceives everything that happens as an interesting and exciting game, during which the vocabulary is replenished with new words, and the pronunciation of letters is improved.

We teach a child to pronounce problematic sounds l, r, sh, zh, k without a speech therapist. Making the sound “r” in 15 seconds. Free classes and rules for organizing them at home with your mother. Speech therapy gymnastics.

Clear, beautiful and varied speech of a child is the natural desire of any mother. Do not panic if by the age of 3.5 years the baby does not yet speak all the letters. But problems with the pronunciation of sounds in the age range of 4-5 years are a reason to think about the presence of defects.
Incorrect pronunciation of the letter “l” is the most common problem in children’s speech. Very often, kids try to replace a hard sound with a soft one, or insert the sound “v” into a word. Less commonly observed is the replacement of the hard sound “l” with “th”, as well as its omission.
This process can be caused by a number of reasons:

• Imitating incorrect speech from adults around you
• Problems with the speech apparatus
• Congenital or acquired hearing defects
• Psychologically difficult atmosphere in the family

Before you panic and “drag” your children to a speech therapist and psychologist, you should try to cope with this difficulty yourself.

Remember! Each preschooler has an individual pace of development and assimilation of information. In most cases, boys are somewhat behind girls.

Is it so difficult to teach a child to pronounce sounds on his own?

Organizing home speech therapy classes on correct pronunciation on your own is quite simple. The most important condition that must be adhered to is to conduct them in the form of a game. The baby should be interested. Under no circumstances should pressure be put on him, otherwise interest in the lessons will simply disappear.
Children need to be given information in doses. It’s better to start with 4-5 sessions a week for 10-15 minutes, gradually increasing the frequency and number of exercises.
How to teach a child to pronounce sounds in front of a mirror? The baby must see what is happening with his mouth, how his lips behave and at the same time watch his mother. It is recommended to arrange a fairly comfortable place and hang a mirror so that the son or daughter can see his reflection unobstructed while sitting.

Important! It is imperative to praise your child for every success, even minor ones!

Any lesson on orthoepy (correct literary pronunciation) should begin with warming up the speech apparatus, i.e. articulatory gymnastics.
The simplest and most effective of them:

• "smile". We ask the baby to smile as wide as possible, but there is no need to show his teeth. Hold your lips in this position for a count of 5.
• "tube". The baby stretches his lips forward with a tube and holds them in this position for a count of 5.
• "fence". The child smiles and shows the upper and lower row of teeth. Duration - on the count of 5
• "hippopotamus" Open your mouth wide, as when yawning, and hold it for up to 5 seconds.
• "snake". Stick out and hide the sharp tongue between tightly compressed lips. Repeat 5-7 times
• "scapula". Place a wide, maximally relaxed tongue on the lower lip and hold for up to 3 seconds. Two repetitions in a row
• "watch". Stick out the tongue and move it left and right for 3 seconds
• "swing". The mouth is wide open, the tongue moves up and down. Exercise duration - 3-5 seconds
• “Brushing our teeth.” The mouth is open wide and we run the tongue along the inner surface of the upper and then lower teeth, from left to right and vice versa

The duration of the warm-up is usually 10 minutes and helps to train and at the same time relax the speaking muscles of the face. Sometimes, methodical repetition of such classes for a month eliminates many of the child’s problems with pronunciation and deprives him of primary speech defects forever. After such charging, it is worth starting to produce a particular sound.

K - horse. Pronouncing the letter “k” with your child

Kappacism - this is the name given to a violation of the pronunciation of the sounds “k”, “k´”. This is a back-lingual group of sounds. When played, it involves a high rise of the root of the tongue. The “fun wrestler” exercise will help train him. The child opens his mouth and tries to push out the adult’s index finger with the tip of his tongue, while simultaneously saying ta-ta-ta. The more resistance the tongue experiences, the faster it will become a mound at the base. This will automatically lead to the transformation of “t” into “k”. Of course, an adult’s hands must first be washed and treated with alcohol. The exercise should be performed gradually, starting with low pressure, to avoid the gag reflex.

L – lama. Teaching a child to pronounce the letter “l”

Correct pronunciation of the sound “l” is one of the simplest speech therapy tasks. The place where this sound is registered is on the tip of the tongue in the position “behind the upper teeth.”
In order to place it, you need to place your tongue between your front teeth and squeeze it lightly. Next, pronounce a drawn-out “y-y-y” with a sharp jerk of the tongue back. To consolidate the effect, you need to try to combine the resulting sound “l” with the vowels “a”, “o”, “e”, etc. That's all!

Sh – scarf. Teaching a child to pronounce the letter “sh”

Opening the sound “sh” at home occurs through strengthening the muscles of the lips. Not every preschooler can do this at first. First, you need to perform the “pipe” and “smile” exercises from the warm-up complex with the baby. You need to start with a tempo of three, gradually increasing the speed of alternately changing the position of your lips. You can connect other ways to train your labial muscles.
The next stage is establishing the correct position of the tongue at the upper palate. To do this, you can ask your child to imitate the sound of a horse's hooves. Next - show how the wind blows on a dandelion. It is recommended to perform all positions from the complex sequentially, for 3-5 seconds each.
Consolidation of pronunciation occurs through fixation of a flat, relaxed tongue at the palate and its simultaneous reproduction.
Sometimes the method of physical influence, which experienced speech therapists like to use, helps. A simple wooden stick is used to help the child hold his tongue against the roof of his mouth. At the same time, he is asked to forcefully blow air out of his mouth. The sound "sh" is produced automatically.

F – giraffe. We teach a child to pronounce the voiced letter “zh”

The mechanism for revealing the sound “zh” in a child follows approximately the same principle as “sh”, but loudly. The correct position of the speech apparatus in this case: a relaxed tongue stands at the top like a ladle, teeth in a fence position, lips forward, larynx tense. We are trying to achieve the desired sound.

R – frame. Difficult mission, but real! We teach you how to pronounce the letter “r” correctly

As a rule, speech therapists place this sound last, because it is quite difficult to pronounce. The main task is to rid the child of the habit of reproducing the letter with his throat in order to avoid the “burring” effect.
In a playful way, the baby is asked to stick his tongue to the roof of his mouth and ask him to forcefully exhale air onto its tip for 10 seconds. Children are happy to repeat this exercise, because it tickles their mouth so funny. To reinforce the skill of correctly pronouncing the letter r, you can ask your baby to roar like a lion. If you repeat this game often enough, after a while you can forget about the problem of burr forever.

The best exercises for children - pronouncing letters together: video

Has it happened that your child cannot pronounce letters? The video will clearly help with this.

The sound Z, which is not easy for preschoolers to master, has the following characteristics: consonant, hard, voiced. It can be staged when the child’s speech already has . It is important that the articulation of the sound Zh and Sh is the same, the only difference is the presence or absence of vocal cords. This difference is easy to show by touching the outside of the throat: “hissing” - the throat is calm, “buzzing” - it vibrates.

Children can easily not only hear the difference between these paired sounds, but also feel the differentiation of the sounds Ш and Ж tactilely. After this, you can move on to sound production.

Staging F

To pronounce the sound Zh, correct articulation is important. The lips, tongue, hard and soft palates, and vocal cords are involved in the creation of sound:

• The lips are rounded, the mouth is not opened too wide, the teeth are located at a short distance from each other.
• The tongue is wide, raised to the edge of the hard palate (right behind the upper teeth). Its middle part is lowered, and the sides are raised and pressed firmly against the teeth.
• The back of the back of the tongue is raised and pulled back. A strong directed air stream passes between it and the sky.
  The soft palate is raised, blocking the passage into the nasopharynx.
• The vocal cords vibrate.

Articulation gymnastics

It is important to prepare the child’s articulatory apparatus for mastering a new, difficult sound; for this you need to select the appropriate set of exercises:

• “Tongue-spatula”: we invite children to place a wide, relaxed tongue on their lower lip and hold it in this position for about a minute. “The tongue sleeps peacefully, like a spatula lies”
• “Painting the ceiling”: the mouth is open, the wide tongue rises to the sky and makes movements “back and forth”.
  “We are whitening and painting the ceiling, the tongue helped us with that!”
• “Delicious jam”: we raise our wide tongue to the upper lip, “lick” an imaginary delicacy from it.
  “We’ve worked, we’re tired, isn’t it time to refresh ourselves?”
• Calyx: The mouth opens wide, the tongue cups and moves forward slightly.
  “We need to quickly drink tea and go to the toys!”

Breathing exercises

The correct production of the sound Z must certainly include not only articulation, but also breathing exercises. Special exercises allow you to develop a directed air stream.

• Pushinka:
  The tongue is wide, raised to the upper lip, its edges are also raised and reach the corners of the mouth. A small piece of cotton wool or napkin is placed on the child's nose. You need to try to blow the snowflake off your nose. The exercise is repeated several times.
• Storm in a teacup:
  Water is poured into a glass and a straw is placed. The child is invited to create a “storm” in it by exhaling air through a straw.

The production of the sound Ж is, first of all, carried out by imitation. The adult draws the child’s attention to the vibration of his own throat, after which he invites him to also pronounce the sound Ш “with a voice.” If the sound is clear, then you can move on to automating it in syllables and words.

If difficulties arise at this stage, then you need to analyze articulation errors and eliminate them.

It is very useful to work on differentiating the sounds Ш and Ж, Ж and З before starting to automate a new sound. This is beneficial for all children, but is especially important for those who have phonemic awareness difficulties.

For this purpose, you can use simple speech therapy games:

• Clap when you hear the sound!

The adult clearly pronounces the syllables zha-zu-zy-zhe-zy-sy-zhi-shi-zhi, etc., the child must “catch” (clap his hands or stamp his foot) the syllable with “Zh”

• Choose pictures with words that begin with the desired sound.
• Who can come up with more words starting with this sound?

It is also important to connect the sound Zh and the letter Zh; for this you can use the following games:

• assemble a letter from pieces (like a cut picture)
• lay out a new letter from buttons, pebbles, shells, etc.
• trace the letter on semolina, in the sand, on the board
• color in the shapes where you see the letter z

Automation of sound

Consistent automation of the sound Z involves consolidating its articulation in syllables and then in words. Gradually, you can use phrases with the desired sound and entire sentences.

Train your child to pronounce the sound Z as long as possible, with one long exhalation.

Use the sound Ж and letter Ж to make syllables (orally and using cards).

Learn short speech poems with mastered syllables. For example:

• Zsa-Zha-Zha - oh, and it’s so cold!
  ZHU-ZHU-ZHU - I'm sitting at home.
• Zsa-Zha-Zha - we found a horror!
  Zhi-Zhi-Zhi - there is a zhi-zhi in Elsu!

Ask the child to come up with as many different words as possible that begin with the sound Z. If the child has difficulties, then at the first stage you can ask him to choose the necessary images from lotto cards or from toys.

The next step is to use poems, proverbs, tongue twisters, and riddles to automate the sound. They can be found in specialized collections for speech therapists or selected independently. Here are some examples:

• The beetle fell and could not get up,
  He is waiting for someone to help him.
• Toad Jeanne on Sunday
  Waiting for beetles for his birthday.

• The ground beetle was buzzing and the beetle was buzzing.
• The hedgehog and the hedgehog in their hole have forty-seven hedgehogs.
  All hedgehogs want to eat, they need to be fed.

• Who's under the tree covered in needles? (hedgehog)
• It flies - buzzes, sits - is silent. (bug)
• We really need a long scarf if ours is sick... (giraffe)

Particular attention should be paid to the differentiation of the sounds С Ш and Ж in sentences.

• It's cold on land.
• Don't be naughty near the hive; bees can sting.
• Our ears help us hear, and there are snakes crawling in the forest.
• Lesha, you can’t read lying down!
• Marina had a fever, dad brought her a red ball.
• Mom lost her shawl, we are terribly sorry for her.
• They smear the bruise with brilliant green and wave goodbye.
• Our Friend barked at the fluff.
• Snakes, swifts, and hedgehogs live in the forest.

Their automation occurs most easily in game exercises.

• "One is many." The speech therapist calls the word in the singular, and the children - in the plural (ugly, garage, garage, knife, knife, cake, cake, etc.).
• "Dolls' birthday." You need to find different toys for the dolls Zhenya, Sonya, Shura, the first sound in the name of which coincides with the first sound of the doll's name (Zhenya is a giraffe, Sonya is an elephant, Shura is a garik, etc.).

Fedorova Ekaterina

speech therapist-defectologist

Children have various problems with many letters in the process of speech formation. One of the most common difficulties is setting the sh sound. Typically, children find it difficult to pronounce hissing sounds for the reason that they cannot relax the tongue and position it in the required shape, which is required by the correct articulation of the sound sh.

The main reason that a child cannot speak hissing sounds correctly is the way the parents communicate with the baby. Many adults deliberately copy the speech of a child, speaking to him in a childish way. Thus, the child hears the incorrect pronunciation and gets used to precisely this manner of producing the sound sh. That is why experts strongly recommend that parents speak to their children correctly.

In addition to the parental desire to imitate baby babble, some structural features of the articulatory apparatus play an important role in the production of the sound sh, which include the following points:

• tongue movement is limited due to the shortened hyoid ligament;
• articulation is affected by the size of the lips (too thin or full) and the size of the tongue (too large or small);
• dental anomalies;
• disruption of the auditory canal.



In most cases, a violation of the production of the sound w can be quite easily corrected at home with regular and careful work with the child. In some cases, children who have problems pronouncing hissing words will be helped by a speech therapist.

Articulation



The key to good pronunciation is the correct articulation of the sounds sh and zh. To teach a child to pronounce the letters sh and z correctly, it is necessary to study one method of articulation, since the speech apparatus works almost identically when pronouncing both letters.
So, in order to correctly pronounce the letter w, it is necessary to work with the articulatory apparatus as follows:

• the baby's lips should be slightly pushed forward in the shape of a tube;
• the tip of the tongue is raised to the palate so that a small gap remains between them;
• the lateral edges of the child’s tongue are pressed against the upper outer teeth, giving the tongue the shape of a cup;
• a stream of air easily passes through the unused vocal cords, creating the necessary sound.

In order to understand how to teach a child to say the letter z, it is necessary to resort to the articulation described above, while connecting the vibrations of the vocal cords.
Regular exercises for making sounds are very important. These exercises can be done with a speech therapist or at home.

Exercises

Experts have developed special speech therapy exercises for the sound zh and sh to help children learn to pronounce it correctly. This technique includes many different exercises. Below are the most effective and popular ones used among speech therapists.

Spatula

This exercise for making the sound sh is aimed at relaxing the tongue. You need to open your mouth and smile. In a relaxed smile, extend your tongue forward and place the tip in a relaxed position on your lower lip. The side walls of the front of the tongue gently touch the corners of the mouth.



It is important to maintain this position without tension for several seconds. This exercise is basic for such a problem as producing hissing sounds, including the letters zh and sh.

Pie



The “Pie” task must be used to strengthen the muscles of the tongue, as well as to develop mobility of the lateral walls of the tongue. As in the previous exercise, the mouth is open in a smile, the tongue lies on the lower lip. Without straining your lips, it is necessary to lift the side walls of the tongue so that a depression is formed along the central axis of the tongue.

You need to hold this position for 5 to 10 seconds.

Swing

“Swing” is used to make a child’s tongue more mobile. The initial position of the articulatory apparatus is as follows: an open and relaxed smile on the lips, the tongue lies wide and flat (do not allow it to become narrow).



Tongue movements are performed alternately:

• first, to produce the sound w, a wide and flat tongue is stretched towards the ceiling, after which it is directed towards the floor;
• then the tongue moves first to the upper lip, then to the lower;
• you need to put your tongue between your upper lip and upper teeth, and also do the same with your lower lip and teeth;
• then the tongue touches the upper and lower incisors;
• at the end you need to touch the wide tip of your tongue to the alveoli behind the lower row of teeth, and then behind the upper one.

The tongue moves through the teeth

This task is useful for making the sound w because it well develops the baby’s ability to control his tongue. To complete this task you need to open your mouth and relax your smiling lips. Using the wide tip of your tongue, touch the lower dentition from the side of the tongue, and then from the side of the lip.

Painter

This task for working on the letters zh and sh helps, first of all, to strengthen control over the production of the tongue. It also helps your baby get a feel for how to direct their tongue to the top of their mouth.



It is necessary to open your mouth slightly in a half-smile, relax your lips and fix the lower jaw in one position. Next, imagine that the tip of the tongue is a paint brush, and the sky is the ceiling that needs to be painted. In order to do this, you need to stroke the palate with your tongue from the larynx to the teeth and in the opposite direction, not allowing the tongue to go beyond the mouth.

The above exercises for producing the sounds w and z should be performed regularly. At the same time, parental control over exactly how the baby performs the exercise is very important - it is important to control the correct fixation of the jaw, the position of the lips and the movements of the tongue.

In order to speak the sound sh without problems, you need not only articulation, but also automation.

Automation

For the correct pronunciation of complex sounds, both staging and automation of sound are equally important. If the production of the sound w has already been carried out using speech therapy exercises, you can proceed to fixing the sound, that is, to automation.



Automation of the sound w is carried out by practicing the sound itself, syllables with this sound, and then words, sentences and texts. The production of hissing sounds receives particular benefit from working with pure sayings, rhymes, proverbs, etc.

• The letter w in syllables and words.

Naughty, Chess, Scarf; RUSH, CHOCOLATE, SHORTS, SILK, WHISPER, WALK; JOKE, NOISE, FUR COAT; Latitude, Bump, Sewing; SIX, SHELEST, SIX, etc.

• The letter z in syllables and words.

HEAT, PITY, TOAD; ZHOR, ZHongler, JOKEY; ACORN, YELLOW, Perch; Crane, Beetle, Horror; ANIMAL, LIFE, ANIMAL; IRON, WIFE, JAUNDICE, etc.

• Automation of the sound sh with reading phrases.

MASHA feeds the baby.

In summer it is good to walk down the street.

PASHA and DASHA gave porridge to the baby.

GLASHA wrote a poem about OUR BABY.

Our songs about a bowl of porridge are good.

Speak in a Whisper: the haircuts are still sleeping near the swift.

I'm lying on the couch by the window.

Misha, give me a donut and tell me a fairy tale.

OUR NATASHA is more beautiful than all the girls.

• Nursery rhymes will also help you pronounce the sh sound correctly.

A miner walked out of the mine
With a wicker basket,
And in the basket there is a ball of wool.
Our Dasha's miner found a puppy.
Dasha dances and jumps on the spot:
“How good! I have a friend!
I'll bake him a pie
I’ll sit down to sew him a fur coat and a hat -
My black puppy will be happy."

Correct operation of the articulatory apparatus and careful consolidation of the studied sounds are the only correct methods of sound production.

In order for a child to understand how to pronounce complex sounds correctly, it is necessary not only to perform special exercises, but also to monitor the correctness of his own speech.

If you regularly work with your child on making sounds, you will soon be able to forget about the problem of how to teach your child to say the letter w.