Exceptions gor gar zor zar. How to spell "clan - clone"
There are roots in which writing letters in place of unstressed vowels does not correspond to the general rule, but is subject to tradition. These include the following roots with alternating vowels.
1. Roots with letters a and o.
gar - mountains In place of the unstressed vowel the letter o is written, although under the stress - a, for example: burn, scorch, scorch, burn out, tanned, fire victim, combustible; But: soot, tan, soot, fumes. Exceptions (gar without accent): residue, dross, scorch, cinder(along with the cinder option).
zar-zor. In place of an unstressed vowel, a is written: dawn, lightning, glow, illuminate, illuminate, illumination, robin(bird), lightning; under stress - a and o, cf.: glow, radiant, radiant and dawn(plural of the word dawn), dawn, dawn, dawn, dawn(military signal, usually in the expression to beat or play dawn).
kas - kos. This root is written a if the root is followed by a; in other cases it is written about: cf. touch, touch, touch, touching, concerning, but touch, touch, contact, inviolable(the vowel of the root does not occur under stress).
clan - clone. In place of an unstressed vowel, o is written, for example: bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down; under stress - o and a: cf. bow, incline, bend, inclined, adamant And bow, bow, bow.
speck - crop. The letter o is written without emphasis in words meaning “to cover with drops, splashes”: sprinkle, sprinkling (from sprinkle), sprinkle, sprinkled, sprinkle ; the letter a - in words with the meaning “to cover with small specks, dots”: marked, marked (from drip meaning “to cover with specks, to apply specks”), inclusion. Under stress - only a:
speck, speck, speck, intersperse, interspersed, speck. lag - log - lie . In place of an unstressed vowel, a is written before g, and before z - o, for example: state, impose, assume, attach, decompose, urgent, delay, vagina, adjective, term, versifier , But: lay down, lay out, set aside, lay down, offer, attach, presentation, position, sentence, versification, cover, put aside . The emphasis is always on:. In the word polog, where the root -log- is no longer distinguished in the modern language, o is written without stress before g.
pop - mok - moch . In place of the unstressed vowel, the letter a is written before k in words meaning “dip, immerse in liquid”: dip, dip, dip; letter o - in words meaning “get wet”: get wet, get wet, get wet, get wet(in the rain), in words derived from wet (e.g., wet, phlegm, phlegm, woodlice) (under stress - in words wet, get wet, get wet, get wet etc.), and in words with the meaning “to dry with something that absorbs moisture”: get wet, get wet, blotter, blotter. Before h there is always the letter o, for example: wet, soak, wet, soaked(cf. under emphasis: wets, soaked; about verbs in -ivat type wet, soak see § 34, note 2).
pay - sing (in the verb pay and words with the same root). A is written without accent: solder, solder, unsolder, soldering iron etc. Under stress - a and o: cf. sealed, sealing, soldering, soldered and solder, solder.
swim - swim. A is written without accent: floating, fin, floater, floater(grass; beetle; water possum), plover (beetle), phalarope (bird), float, floatable, afloat, floating; but: swimmer and swimmer with the letter o. Under stress - only a: swim, timber rafting.
Note. In a word quicksand(ground) letter is written s, as in other words derived from the verb float - float: float, float, blur and so on.
equal - equal The letter a is written in words related in meaning to the adjective equal “identical”, for example: equate (someone with someone), equal (something or with someone. ), equate, equalize, compare, comparison, equalize(in something), equalize (score), straighten, level out(for example, lines - “make equal in length”), equalize, equation, leveling, equal, equal, equal, balance, equinox, equal, equal.
The letter o is written in words related in meaning to the adjective “smooth, straight, without unevenness”, for example: level (bed, road surface), level out, level out, level out, level out(make it even, smooth, straight).
However, in words equally, same age related in meaning to equal, the letter o is written; in the word plain, related in meaning to even, there is the letter a. In words with an unclear relationship, the following is written: the letter a - in the verb to equal (in a line, during construction) and words derived from it equalize, equalize, level out(in service); the letter o - in combination the hour is not equal, in the word level.
different - different In numerous compound words with the first part diverse (various, versatile, discordant etc.) the letter a is written without stress, in the word separately - the letter o. Under the accent - a ( different, difference, vary) and about ( discord, discord, scattered).
ros(t) - ras(t) - rasch. In place of an unstressed vowel is written: a) before s (without subsequent t) - the letter o: grew, grew, grew, grown, thicket, overgrowth, algae, undergrowth; the exception is the industry and its derivatives ( sectoral, intersectoral, multi-sectoral); b) before st - the letter a, for example: grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, germinate, grow, grow, increase, increase, age, plant, vegetation, wild; exceptions: sprout, growth, usurer, outgrowth, growth, outgrowth, outgrowth, sprout, teenage(along with the teenage option); c) before u always a, for example: grow, grow, grown, increase, build-up, fusion.
Under stress before s (with and without subsequent t) - only o, for example: growth, growth, outgrowth, teenager, overgrowth; grew, overgrown, grown up, tall, wild plants.
skak - skok - skok - skoch. If the root ends in k, then the letter a is written in place of the unstressed vowel, for example: gallop, gallop, gallop, gallop, skipping rope, galloping, galloping, galloping, although the emphasis is o, for example: jump, jump, bounce, jump, jump(for verbs in -ivat like jump, see § 34, note 2).
If the root ends in h, then the letter a is written in the forms of the verb to jump and verbs derived from it (for example: I'm galloping, galloping, galloping, galloping, galloping, galloping), as well as in the elephant there is a jump (the forms of the same verbs serve as a test - for example, gallop, let's gallop, and derivatives jump, gallop); letter o - in prefixed verbs with -skochit (for example: jump up, jump up, jump up, jump out, jump out, jump out, jump off, jump up) and in the word upstart (check - forms of the same verbs, except to jump out: jump up, jump off and so on.).
Wed: I'll skip (one hundred versts), skip it(verb forms gallop, gallop) And I'll pass, I'll pass(verb forms slip through, slip through); I'll jump, I'll jump(verb forms jump up, jump up approach at a gallop") and I'll jump, I'll jump(verb forms jump, jump"to quickly move closer to someone or to rise sharply").
creation - creature. In words create, creation, creator, created, create etc. the letter o is written without accent; under stress - not only about ( creative, creativity ), but also a ( creature, created
). In the word utensil, where the root -tvar- is no longer distinguished in modern language, a is written without emphasis.
2. Roots with letters i and e. shine(k,t) - shine - shine . In place of the unstressed vowel, the letters i and e are written: i - before st with the subsequent stressed a, for example: shine, shines, brilliant, brilliance, resplendent, sparkle ; e - in other cases, for example: shine, shine, brilliant, shining, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, reflection, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, shine. Under stress - e and e:.
shine, glitter, shining; sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, glitter vis - weight. In place of the unstressed vowel, a letter is written in the verb hang (hang, hang) and its derivatives ( hang down, hang down etc.), as well as in prefixed verbs with the common part -hang: hang, hang, droop etc. (cf. under emphasis: hang, hang, hang ); letter e - in words(cf. under emphasis: hang out, signboard, suspended, hinged, suspended).
hang, hang, hang lip-lep. In the words stick, stick, etc., the letter and is written in an unstressed position (cf. under stress: sticky, stick ), and in words sculpt, stick, stick etc. - letter e (cf. under stress:).
sculpts, sticks, sculpting sid - se(d). In place of the unstressed vowel the following is written: the letter i - before the soft consonant d - in the verb sit (sit, sit) and its derivatives ( sit, sit up, sitter, get-togethers and so on.); the letter e - before the hard d: rider, saddle (in the latter in the plural forms - e: saddles), saddle, seat, sciatic, sit, sit, press, squat, assessor, chairman, and also - before soft d - in derivatives from the word saddle ( saddle, saddle, saddle, saddle). Under stress - and and e, for example: sitting, imprisonment, diligent; sit down, sit down, village, homebody, fidget, hen, squat.
; in the forms of the verb sit and prefixes - also a (in writing i): I'll sit down, sit down, sit down Note 1. About writing vowels And And
e in verbal roots with a fluent vowel, see § 36. Note 2. In verbs with a common part -take), which correspond to perfective verbs in -yay (take, accept, raise, understand, appease etc.), written after n in place of an unstressed vowel a letter I'll sit down, sit down, sit down; same in verb take out(cf. owl view take out). In some verbs of this group, the unstressed vowel of the root can be checked by stress I'll sit down, sit down, sit down in forms like take away, lift, remove(these are forms of verbs in -no), rarely - in derivative words: photo, in an embrace.
Note 3. Letter I'll sit down, sit down, sit down in place of an unstressed vowel it is also written at the root of verbs conjure And curse. In the corresponding perfective verbs and other words with the same root, the letter is written (both in unstressed position and under stress) l: curse, curse, curse, damn, curse, curse and so on.
There are roots in which writing letters in place of unstressed vowels does not correspond to the general rule, but is subject to tradition. These include roots with alternating vowels.
In the root -kos- / -kas- the letter a is written in an unstressed position,
if after the root there is a suffix -a-; if there is no suffix -a-,
then the letter o is written:
In the root -gor- / -gar-, the letter o is written in an unstressed position,
under the accent a:
In the root -clan- / -clone- the letter o is written in an unstressed position,
bow, bow down; bow - bow.
In the root -zar- / -zor- the letter a is written in an unstressed position,
under stress is the vowel that is heard - o or a:
dawn; dawn - dawn.
WITHOUT STRESS: -gor-, -clone-, -zar-.
Problems on the topic “The letters o and a in the roots -kos- / -kas-; -gor- / - gar-; -clan- / -clone-; -zar- / -zor- «
Accidentally to dream, to a satant to a circle, to touch along the way, to touch a secret, an untold reserve, a light touch, to touch lightly, not to touch the wall.
Warming, bowing, beholding, getting very hot, getting warm from the sun, candle end, smells of burning, gas heater, heated milk, dawn is burning out, morning dawn, bowing to friends, bowing your head .
Without ceasing to bow, bow over a book, bow before talent, avoid answering, on the slope of a mountain, low bows, bend a branch, bowed by the wind, bow when meeting.
Insert the missing letters.
1. Draw a satel line to the circle. 2. He had the lucky talent to sleep lightly on everything without being forced in conversation. 3. In his life he had to come into contact with various people. 4. Coming into contact with exposed electrical wiring is life-threatening. 5. The branches of the willow bent over the river and almost touched the water.
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Unstressed vowels in roots
Rules and examples of spelling the vowels a and o in the roots zar- - zor-, ras(t)- - ros(t)-, - equal- - even-, gar- - gor-, plav- - swim-
Vowels should be distinguished A Note 1. About writing vowels O in the roots zar- - zor-, race(t)- - height)-, equal- - roen-, gar- - mountains, floating - pilaf-:
1. Root zar- written in words dawn, lightning, illuminate(emphasis - dawn, radiant) and in all words formed from them ( insight and etc.); root zor- written under stress in individual words and forms: dawn, dawn, dawn, dawn, dawn, dawn(beat, play dawn).
2. Root race(t)- written in verbs grow, grow, grow, increase etc. and in all words formed from them, for example: plant, growth, rotation, fusion, age etc., as well as in the word industry; root height)- written in the past tense and in the past participle of grow, For example: grew, grew, grew, grew, grew, grew etc., as well as in words thicket, shoot, algae, undergrowth, sprout and in words derived from them.
3. Root equal- written mainly in words that are associated in meaning with equal(“same”), for example: uniform, equivalent, compare, alignment, equate, be equal, all the same; root roen- written mainly in words related in meaning to smooth(“smooth”, “straight”), for example: level, level and so on., level; in a word plain is written A.
4. Root gar- written under stress, for example: tan, nagar, as well as in words ú tan, fumes; root mountains written in other cases, for example: tanned, burnt.
5. Root floating written in all cases except words swimmer, swimmer, quicksand.
Alternation A Note 1. About writing vowels O also found in verbs jump - jump out, bow - bow, touch - touch, offer - offer, expound - expound etc., and also dip - soak and in words derived from them: jumper - upstart, touching - touching, taxing - taxation and etc.
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Roots zar zor rules
§ 35. There are roots in which the writing of letters in place of unstressed vowels does not correspond to the general rule, but is subject to tradition. These include the following roots with alternating vowels.
1. Roots with letters a and o.
gar - mountains In place of the unstressed vowel, the letter o is written, although under the stress - a, for example: burn, scorch, burn out, burn out, tanned, burnt out, combustible; but: soot, tan, soot, fumes. Exceptions (gar without emphasis): residues, izgar, burnt, cinder (along with the cinder variant).
zar - zar. In place of the unstressed vowel, a is written: dawn, lightning, glow, illuminate, illuminate, illumination, robin (bird), lightning; under stress - a and o, cf.: glow, radiant, radiant and zori (plural of the word dawn), zorka, zorenka, zoryushka, zorya (military signal, usually in the expression to beat or play zorya).
cas - braid This root is written a if the root is followed by a; in other cases it is written about: Wed. touch, touch, touch, tangent, touching, but touch, touch, contact, inviolable (the vowel of the root does not occur under stress).
clan - clone. In place of an unstressed vowel it is written about, for example: bow, bow, bow, bow, deviate, bow, bow, bow; under stress - o and a: cf. bow, bow, bend, inclined, inflexible and bow, bow, bow.
speck - crop. The letter o is written without emphasis in words with the meaning ‘to cover with drops, splashes’: sprinkle, sprinkling (from sprinkle), sprinkling, sprinkled, sprinkling; the letter a - in words with the meaning ‘to cover with small specks, dots’: speckled, speckled (from krápat meaning ‘to cover with speckles, apply speckles’), interspersed. Under stress - only a: speck, speck, speck, intersperse, interspersed, speck.
lag - log - lie. In place of the unstressed vowel before g it is written a, before w - o, for example: to lay out, to impose, to assume, to apply, to decompose, urgent, delay, vagina, adjective, term, versifier, but: to lay down, to lay down, to put aside, to put, lie down , attach, presentation, position, sentence, versification, cover, side. The emphasis is always about: tax, pledge, forgery, forged, put, put. In the word polog, where the root -log- is no longer distinguished in modern language, o is written without stress before g.
poppy - mok - moch. In place of the unstressed vowel, the letter a is written before k in words meaning ‘dip, immerse in liquid’: dunk, dunk, dip; the letter o - in words with the meaning 'to become wet': to get wet, to get wet, to get wet, to get wet (in the rain), in words derived from wet (for example, wet, sputum, sputum, wood lice) (under the stress - in the words wet, get wet, get wet, get wet, etc.), and in words with the meaning 'to dry with something. absorbing moisture’: get wet, get wet, blotter, blotter. Before h there is always the letter o, for example: wet, wet, wet, soaked (cf. under stress: wet, soaked; for verbs in -ivat like wet, soak, see § 34, note 2).
pay - sing (in the verb pay and words with the same root). Without stress it is written a: solder, solder, solder, soldering iron, etc. Under stress - a and o: cf. sealed, sealed, soldered, soldered and soldered, soldered.
swim - swim. Without stress it is written a: floating, fin, float, float (grass; beetle; water possum), float (beetle), float (bird), float, float, afloat, float; but: swimmer and swimmer with the letter o. Under stress - only a: swim, timber rafting.
Note. In the word quicksand (soil) the letter s is written, as in other words derived from the verb swim - swim: float, swim up, blur, etc.
equal - equal The letter a is written in words related in meaning to the adjective equal 'same', for example: equate (someone with someone), equal (something or with someone. ), equalize, equalize, compare (s), comparison, equalize (in something), equalize (count), equalize, level (for example, lines - 'make equal in length'), equalize, equalize, equalize, equal, equivalent, equal, balance, equinox, equal, equal.
The letter o is written in words related in meaning to the adjective smooth ‘smooth, straight, without unevenness’, for example: level (bed, road surface), level, level, level, level (make even, smooth, straight).
However, in words equal, coeval, related in meaning to equal, the letter o is written; in the word plain, related in meaning to equal, there is the letter a. In words with an unclear relationship, the following are written: the letter a - in the verb equate (in a line, during formation) and the words derived from it equal, equate, level (in line); the letter o - in combination the hour is not equal, in the word level.
different - different In numerous complex words with the first part, heterogeneous (various, multilateral, disparate, etc.) the letter a is written without stress, in the word separately - the letter o. Under stress - a (different, difference, differ) and o (discord, disparate , scattered).
ros(t) - ras(t) - rasch. In place of an unstressed vowel it is written: a) before s (without a subsequent t) - the letter o: grew, grew, grew, grown, thicket, shoot, algae, undergrowth; exception - industry and its derivatives (industry, inter-industry, diversified); b) before st - the letter a, for example: grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, grow, germinate, grow, grow, increase, increase, age, plant, vegetation, wild; exceptions: sprout, growth, usurer, outgrowth, outgrowth, outgrowth, outgrowth, outgrowth, teenage (along with the variant teenage); c) before u always a, for example: grow, grow, grown, increase, build-up, fusion.
Under the stress before s (followed by t and without it) - only o, for example: growth, growth, outgrowth, teenager, overgrowth; grew, overgrown, grown up, tall, wild plants.
jump - jump - jump - jump. If the root ends in k, then in place of the unstressed vowel the letter a is written, for example: gallop, gallop, gallop, gallop, jump rope, gallop, on a gallop, gallop, although under the stress - o, for example: gallop, gallop, rebound, jump, jump (about -ivat verbs like jump, see § 34, note 2).
If the root ends in h, then the letter a is written in the forms of the verb skakat and verbs derived from it (for example: I jump, jump, jump, jump, jump, jump, jump), as well as in the elephant jump (the forms of the same verbs are used to check - e.g., jump, jump, and derivatives of jump, gallop); letter o - in prefixed verbs ending in -skochit (for example: jump up, jump up, jump up, jump out, jump out, jump out, jump off, jump up) and in the word upstart (check - with forms of the same verbs, except jump out: jump up, jump off, etc.) P.).
Wed: I'll skip (a hundred miles), proskachi (forms of the verb to skip, will skip) and proskoch', skip (forms of the verb to skip, will slip); I’ll jump up, jump up (forms of the verb podskakat, podskakat approach jumping’) and jump up, jump up (forms of the verb jump up, jump up ‘to quickly move closer to someone or rise sharply’).
creation - creature. In the words create, creation, creator, created, get up, etc., the letter o is written without emphasis; under the emphasis - not only about (creative, creativity), but also a (creature, created). In the word utensil, where the root -tvar- is no longer distinguished in modern language, a is written without stress.
2. Roots with letters i and e.
shine (k, t) - shine - shine. In place of an unstressed vowel, the letters i and e are written: i - before st with the subsequent stressed a, for example: shine, shine, shine, shine, brilliant, shine; e - in other cases, for example: sparkle, sparkles, shiny, sparkling, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, reflection, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, sparkle. Under stress - e and e: shine, shine, shining; sparkle, sparkle, sparkle, glitter.
vis - weight. In place of the unstressed vowel, a letter is written in the verb hang (hang, hang) and its derivatives (hang, hang, etc.), as well as in prefixed verbs with the common part -hang: hang, hang, hang, etc. . (cf. under stress: hang, hang, hang); letter e - in the words hang out, signboard, suspended, suspended, in weight (cf. under stress: hang, hang, hang).
lip - lep. In the words stick, stick, etc., the letter i is written in an unstressed position (cf. under the stress: sticky, stick), and in the words sculpt, stick, stick, etc. - the letter e (cf. under the stress: sculpts , stick, modeling).
sid - se(d). In place of an unstressed vowel, the following are written: the letter i - before the soft consonant d - in the verb sit (sit, sat) and its derivatives (sit, sit, sit, sit, sit, etc.); the letter e - before the hard d: saddle, saddle (in the latter in the plural - e: saddles), saddle, seat, sedal, sit, sit, press, squat, assessor, chairman, and also - before the soft d - in derivatives from the word saddle (saddle, sedelnik, cheresedelnik, sedeltse). Under the stress - and and e, for example: sitting, imprisonment, assiduous; sit down, sit down, village, homebody, fidget, hen, squat; in the forms of the verb sit down and prefixes - also a (in the letter I): sit down, sit down, sit down.
Note 1. For the writing of vowel letters i and e in verbal roots with a fluent vowel, see § 36.
Note 2. In verbs with a common part - take (e.g., occupy, pester, embrace, take away, lift, remove, understand, appease), which correspond to the perfect verbs of - take (occupy, accept, raise, understand, appease and etc.), written after n in place of an unstressed vowel, the letter i; the same in the verb to take out (cf. sov. view take out). In some verbs of this group, the unstressed vowel of the root can be checked by stress and in forms such as take away, lift, remove (these are forms of verbs in -nyat), rarely - in derivative words: snapshot, in an embrace.
Note 3. The letter and in place of an unstressed vowel is also written in the root of the verbs to conjure and curse. In the corresponding verbs of the perfect form and other words with the same root, the letter l is written (both in an unstressed position and under stress): curse, curse, curse, curse, curse, curse, etc.
Spelling of alternating vowels O and A in the roots -GOR- / -GAR-
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In this lesson we will remember the roots of words in which the choice of vowels ABOUT Note 1. About writing vowels A depends on the final consonant of the root. We will also get acquainted with the roots in which the choice of vowels ABOUT Note 1. About writing vowels A depends on the stress, and we will learn the rules for alternating these vowels.
Repetition. Roots in which the choice of vowels depends on the final consonant
We already know that in the Russian language there are roots in which vowels ABOUT Note 1. About writing vowels A may alternate. For example:
1) at the root -RAST- / -RASH- / -ROS- is written A before combination ST Note 1. About writing vowels SCH ABOUT(Fig. 1).
2) at the root -LAG- / -LOZH- before G is written A, before AND is written ABOUT(Fig. 2).
That is, the choice of vowels in these roots depends on the final consonant of the root.
Vowel alternation ABOUT Note 1. About writing vowels A in the roots -GOR- / -GAR-
In the root -GOR- / -GAR- choice of vowels ABOUT or A depends on the stress.
Under the stress in the root -GOR- / -GAR- we write A (tan, fumes, soot), without accent we write O (burnt, burnt, tanned) (Fig. 3) .
Exceptions to the rule : fumes, dross, scorch.
Algorithm of actions for determining the vowel in the root -GOR- / -GAR-:
3) if the stress falls on the root, we write A;
4) if the stress does not fall on the root, we write ABOUT.
It should be distinguished from the root with alternating -GOR- / -GAR- homonymous roots, such as: mountains in a word mountain
To do this, you need to remember the lexical meaning of the root. Roots with alternating O and A -GOR- / -GAR- have a meaning associated with fire , for example: burn, sunbathe, tan. In a word mountain the root means “elevation”, and in the word grief the root means "misfortune".
Other roots in which vowel choice ABOUT or A depends on stress
1) Roots -ZAR- / -ZOR-.
At the root -ZAR- / -ZOR- without emphasis we always write A ( dawn, lightning, illuminate ). Exception: dawn .
Algorithm of actions for determining the vowel in the root –ZAR- / -ZOR-:
1) select the root;
2) determine where the stress falls;
3) under stress we write what we hear;
4) we write without accent A.
2) Roots -CLAN- / -CLONE- and -TVAR- / -TVOR-.
At the root -CLAN- / -CLONE- and at the root -TVAR- / -TVOR- under the accent we write the letter that we hear (bow, bow, creativity), without accent we write O (bow, bow down, stoop, create, bring to life).
Exception: utensil.
3) Roots -PLAV- / -PLOV-.
In the root -PLAV- / -PLOV- the vowels O and A can also alternate with the vowel Y. In an unstressed position, the vowel O is written only in words swimmer and female swimmer, in other cases, A is written in the unstressed position (fin, float, floating). The vowel ы is written only in the word quicksand.
Homework
- Russian language. 6th grade: Baranov M.T. and others. M.: Education, 2008.
- Russian language. Theory. 5–9 grades: V.V. Babaytseva, L.D. Chesnokova. M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6th grade: ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. M.: Bustard, 2010.
ORTHOGRAPHIC DICTIONARY
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Spelling words using letters from A before I look at the list of letters >>>
The most important spelling rules.
Spelling of roots.
12. Roots with verifiable vowels. In order not to make a mistake in the spelling of an unstressed vowel, you need to change the word so that this vowel is stressed: povr e child vr éd, teacher A fuck teacher A there, prib. I well prib. I no.
Note. When applying this rule, remember the following:
a) Vowels after sibilants and ts are written on the basis of special rules (see paragraphs 9, 10, 11).
b) The spelling of an unstressed vowel cannot be checked using imperfective verbs -yat , -ive , in which under stress instead of the root O happens often A : Tue O bird Tue A peek, n O sit n A sew, and so on.
13. Roots with unverified vowels. The spelling of vowels in many words cannot be checked by stress: With O tank, V O bastard, V A trash and etc.; You should look up such words in a dictionary and remember their spelling.
14. Roots with alternation O A. To spell some roots with alternation A O The following rules should be noted:
a) At the root braid cas (braid nudge cas get on) is written A -A- : cas-a-tsya, cas-a-telny, at- cas-a-tsya state, impose, assume, attach, decompose, urgent, delay, vagina, adjective, term, versifier at- braid-well, at- braid-n-ovenie.
b) At the root lodge lag (before lodge it before lag at) is written A , if the root is followed by a suffix -A- : from- lag-a-th, WHO- lag-a-th, at- lag-a-body state, impose, assume, attach, decompose, urgent, delay, vagina, adjective, term, versifier from- lodge-ing, WHO- lodge-it, at- lodge-ing.
c) At the root clone clan (By clone clan to be) under stress can be and O , And A O : on clone yat, on clone come, With clone education, By clone education.
d) At the root creation creature (creation quality creature b) under stress can be and O , And A , but without accent it is written only O : creation ez, with creation go, creation education.
d) At the root mountains gar (mountains eat behind gar , on gar ) letter A happens under stress; written without accent O : mountains education, behind mountains at, behind mountains there are, behind mountains fir.
f) Root float pilaf spelled with a letter O only in two cases: pilaf ec, pilaf sneeze, in other cases it is written A : With float lie, float Nick, By float OK, float ounce (bug), float teaching(Remember the word pl s Woons layers of subsoil saturated with water).
g) At the root zar - star (dawn - dawn - dawn) without stress is written only A: h A rya, s A rnitsa, s A roar, oz A bark, oz A rhenium.
h) At the root growth - height (grow - grew) without emphasis before st Note 1. About writing vowels sch is written A (ext. A style, age A st, nar A becoming, growing up A puppy, wed A tion); before With without follow-up T is written O (ext. O s, exp O sshiy, vodor O sly, nedor O sl).
Exceptions: p O drain, r O stockman, R O stov, R O stislav; negative A sl, neg A left.
i) Root equal- It is mainly written in words that are related in meaning to “equal” (“same”): R A numbered, R A pre-valued, Divorce from a foreign citizen in Russia Do you want to resolve the issue of divorce proceedings with a foreign citizen without going into the nuances? “Divorce from a foreigner without his presence” is a special […]
SUMMARY OF MULTI-LEVEL MODULAR LESSON (GRADE 6)
1. Module name: "Letters A and O in the roots -kas-- -kos-, -gar-- -gor-, -zar-- -zor-».
2. Integrating didactic goal: become familiar with the spelling rules for alternating vowels in roots.
3. Target action plan for students:
give an idea of the spelling of roots with alternating vowels A and O;
develop spelling literacy;
improve the ability to see spelling in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-;
foster a culture of mental work.
4. Information bank: a) incoming control.
Level A.
What word formation methods do you know? (Prefix, suffix, prefix-suffix, suffixless, addition, transition from one part of speech to another).
Alternative question. What parts does the word “suburban” consist of? ( Base: suburban; at - prefix, city - root, n - suffix. The ending is y.).
Level B.
Determine the method of formation of the following words: wax, rewrite, body, (our bright) future, lunar rover, explosion.
Answer. Voskovoy - suffixal, rewrite - prefixal, pectoral - prefix-suffixal, (our bright) future - transition from one part of speech to another, lunokhod - addition, explosion - suffixless.
Alternative question: level A assignment.
Level C.
1. What methods of word formation do you know? Give an example for each method.
Possible answer. Response - suffixal, reread - prefixal, coastal - prefix-suffixal, (delicious) ice cream - transition from one part of speech to another, steamer - addition, transition - suffixless.
Alternative question: Level B task.
b) learning new material (adapted for all levels).
The letters O and A in the root -kos-- -kas-
Fundamentally -braid-- -kas- in the unstressed position the letter A is written if the root is followed by the suffix -a-, and the letter -o- if there is no such suffix.
For example, at ToA WithA there is, with ToO Withn snuggle up.
Letters O and A in the root -gor-- -gar-
Root with alternation -mountain-- -gar- in an unstressed position the letter O is written.
For example, behind GO Re ly, for GA R.
Exception: V sGA R ki.
The letters O and A have the root -zor-- -zar-
Fundamentally -zor-- -zar- under stress the vowel that is heard is written, and without stress - A.
For example, hO R yka, hA R evo, hA RI.
Exceptions: hO RI nka, hO R ev A t.
c) consolidation of previously studied material.
Level A.
Exercise 1.
Target:
http://learningapps.org/display?v=pp3xa7kg2
Answer. 1) from stress: sunbathed, tan, carbon monoxide, dawn, glow, lightning; 2) from a consonant: adjective, sentence, addition, plant, industry, algae; 3) from stress: touch, touch, tangent, touch.
Task 2.
Target: improve the ability to distinguish words that have roots with alternation and those that do not.
: insert the missing letters, find the “fourth extra” in each line.
1) k..soy, k...sanie, k...sleep, touch...dream;
2) warm...up, sun...r, g...ra, sun...heated;
3) k..sa, k..satik, k...sulya, k...satelstvo.
Answer. 1) oblique , touch, touch, touch; 2) burn, tan, mountain, tanned; 3) spit, killer whale, roe deer, Concern.
Task 3.
Target: improve the skill of spelling the letters O and A in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-.
Methodological commentary for students: Follow the provided link and complete the exercise.
http://learningapps.org/display?v=pkz45rkf5
Answer. O: touch, burning, burn out, dawn, dawn. A: tangent, tan, fumes, glow, dawn.
Task 4.
Target: develop spelling vigilance; develop the ability to distinguish spellings studied in class from other types of spellings.
Methodological commentary for students : read the sentences; write down, insert the missing letters; Underline words with alternating vowels in the root, indicate spelling patterns.
Every day... the persecution of the wasps... ra(s, s) was in the towns more and more.
The sea...was lazy, life was seething... .
Ra (s, ss) look at... the question that concerns names and surnames.
I have... great hopes for this doll.
As of yesterday, a light bulb, like a...magician, illuminates our homes with a joyful(?) light.
Answer. 1. Every day O drive away the wasps e neither flared up in g O more and more. 2. Z e lazy seaweed, life was seething b. 3. Ra ss watch in O millet, which concerns first and last names. 4. On this doll I placed O loud n A hope. 5. By in e cheram lamps O chka, as in O liar illuminates our d O ma rados T bright light.
Task 5.
Target:
Methodological commentary for students: select 4 words with alternating vowels o-a in the roots gar-gor, kas-kos, zar-zor, highlight the spellings.
Possible answer . Tanning, sunbathing, tanning, carbon monoxide; touch, touch, touch, tangent; dawn, dawn, illuminate, dawn.
Level B.
Exercise 1.
Target: improve the skill of spelling the letters O and A in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-.
Methodological commentary for students: Follow the provided link and complete the exercise.
http://learningapps.org/display?v=p66nsufuc
Answer. 1) from stress: tanned, burnt, burn out, tan, carbon monoxide, dawn, glow, illuminate, lightning, dawn; 2) from a consonant: adjective, sentence, canopy, outline, addition, plant, branch, sprout, thicket, algae; 3) from stress: touch, touch, tangent, touch, touch, inviolable.
Task 2.
Target:
Methodological commentary for students : insert the missing letters, find the “fourth extra” in each line; Make up a sentence with each “extra” word.
1) k..syak, touch...s, k...sleep, k...satisfactory;
2) burn, sun...heat, g...re, sun...heated;
3) k..strulya, k...sanie, k..skad, k...ster.
Answer. 1) joint , touch, touch, tangent; 2) get sunburned, sunbathe, grief , tanned; 3) saucepan, touch , cascade, fire.
Task 3.
Target: improve the skill of spelling the letters O and A in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-.
Methodological commentary for students: Follow the provided link and complete the exercise.
Answer. O: touch, burning, burn out, dawn, dawn, touch, combustion. A: tangent, tan, burnout, glow, dawn, touch, soot.
Task 4.
Target:
Methodological commentary for students
The swan...launched into the water and laid its wings(?) on itself.
It was plus...dining outside, the snow, touching...it, instantly turned into water.
In March the snow... is burning, the trees (?) will also be sun...ing.
Thin branches b...re(z, s...become bronze, and zar...sli ol...hi l...loved.
I'm leaving... early in the morning, I'm... fighting with... the fight is small (?) I'm s... jealous.
Answer. 1. Swan O took to the water and folded wings b I. 2. It was plus outside O ding, snow, touching, instantly nn o turned into water. 3. In March are burning sn e ha, tree b Me too sunbathing. 4. Thin branches b e res art A are new bronze, and thickets ol b hee l And fishing 5. Out O zhu na dawn early, b e ru s s O the fight is small b forge hv O sprout, g O nude to O ditch along the e jealous.
Task 5.
Target: develop the creative abilities of students, improve the ability to highlight spelling.
Methodological commentary for students: select 4 words with alternating vowels o-a in the roots gar-gor, kas-kos, zar-zor, highlight the spellings. Make sentences with a word from each group.
Possible answer . Tanning, sunbathing, tanning, carbon monoxide; touch, touch, touch, tangent; dawn, dawn, illuminate, dawn. His tan turned out to be even. Mom's touch is the most beautiful! The sun illuminated the clearing.
Level C.
Exercise 1.
Target: improve the skill of spelling the letters O and A in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-.
Methodological commentary for students: Follow the provided link and complete the exercise.
http://learningapps.org/display?v=pa2seatfa
Answer. 1) from stress: tanned, burnt, burn out, tan, carbon monoxide, dawn, glow, illuminate, lightning, dawn; 2) from a consonant: adjective, sentence, canopy, outline, addition, plant, branch, sprout, thicket, algae; 3) from stress: touch, touch, tangent, touch, touch, inviolable; 4) there is no alternating vowel in the root: spit, mountain, logical, humpbacked, horizon.
Task 2.
Target: improve the ability to distinguish words that have alternating roots and those that do not; improve your sentence construction skills.
Methodological commentary for students : insert the missing letters, find the “fourth extra” in each line; Make up a sentence with each “extra” word and select words with the same root.
1) to..sit, touch...s, untouchable, to...satisfactory;
2) to rise up, to rise up, to rise up, to roar, to growl;
3).
4) about...burn, g..rodok, zag...r, g..mature.
Answer. 1) mow (braid, beveled, beveled, unmown), touch, untouchable, tangent; 2) fire, ignite, ignite, taste bitter (bitter, mustard); 3)mountain (mountain, alpine), burnouts, burnout, burn out; 4) warm up, town (city, suburban, suburb, urban), tanned, burnt.
Task 3.
Target: improve the skill of spelling the letters O and A in the roots -kas- - -kos-, -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-.
Methodological commentary for students: Follow the provided link and complete the exercise.
http://learningapps.org/display?v=pku5tun0j
Answer. O: touch, burning, burn out, dawn, dawn, touch, combustion, catch fire, inviolable. A: tangent, tan, fumes, glow, dawn, touch, soot, soot, illuminated.
Task 4.
Target: develop spelling vigilance; develop the ability to distinguish spellings studied in class from other types of spellings; improve punctuation skills.
Methodological commentary for students : read the sentences; write down, insert the missing letters; Underline words with alternating vowels in the root, indicate spelling patterns; fill in the missing punctuation marks.
The needles on...your p...turned red and now they will...warm like that until we...winter.
We are people, the sun is dark... and the fish are light... the sun. They come out of the depths dark and “sun....sun” - and become light.
I was thinking about how the crystal(l,ll)ik snowflakes are born(?)in a cloud, how it grows...grows...turns yellow and falls, touching...the warm earth,... .falls into the water.
Guests are waiting for a...long time in the cold guest(n,nn), amber-lit through...gloomy(?) patterns of the windows...n.
In their dim light, frail algae...weeds moved at the bottom, similar to potato (?) sprouts that had sprouted in the cellar.
Answer. 1. Needles on e twah p O blushed, etc. e there will be burn so until the very And We. 2. We are people, from tanning dark e m , and fish from tanning lighter Yu t. They come out of the depths, dark , A " sunbathe- and will become light. 3. I thought about how I was born ts I'm in a cloud of crista ll IR sn e women , How is he growing, T I turns yellow and falls, touching warm earth, appeals in water. 4. Guests O long wait in x O boat guests n oh, amber illuminated through b dark patterns ok O n. 5. In their dim light, the frail ones moved at the bottom seaweed, P O potato-like b new sprouts, sprouted in the cellar.
Task 5.
Target: develop the creative abilities of students, improve the ability to highlight spelling.
Methodological commentary for students: select 6 words for each spelling pattern you study. Make sentences with a word from each group.
Possible answer . Tanning, sunbathing, tanned, carbonated, tanned, burning; touch, touch, touch, tangent, touch, touch; dawn, dawn, illuminate, dawn, glow, illuminated. His tan turned out to be even. Mom's touch is the most beautiful! The sun illuminated the clearing.
5. Output control.
Level A.
b) sunbathe;
c) touching;
d) river...sink;
e) presentation;
e) zag...r.
a) z...rnitsa;
b) zar...sli;
c) tanned;
d) grow;
e) coll...ation;
f) tangent.
a) enjoy;
b) teach;
c) carbonic;
d) explosion;
e) b...gatyr;
e) get angry.
Answers. 1 - V. 2 – b, c, d, d. 3 – a, d, e. 4 – in, g. 5 – G.
Level B
1. Find the incorrect statement.
a) In the root -kos- - -kas- the letter A is written in an unstressed position if the root is followed by the suffix -a-, and the letter -o- if this suffix is not present.
b) At the root with alternating -gor- - -gar- the letter O is written in an unstressed position.
c) In the root -zor- - -zar-, under stress it is written O, and without stress – a.
d) Among the roots with alternation there are exceptions to the rules.
2. In what words is O written at the place of the gap?
b) sunbathe;
c) touching;
d) river...sink;
e) presentation;
e) zag...r.
3. In what words is A written in the blank?
a) z...rnitsa;
b) zar...sli;
c) tanned;
d) grow;
e) coll...ation;
f) tangent.
4. Indicate words with an alternating vowel in the root.
a) enjoy;
b) teach;
c) carbonic;
d) explosion;
e) b...gatyr;
e) get angry.
5. In which variant is the alternating vowel at the root of the word missing in all words?
a) to..dream, to...lie, to..feel;
b) r..ashenia, d..mashny, pale..little;
c) the simplest, the most obvious, the most obvious;
d) y...roar, touch..dream, burnt..rel.
Choose words that are exceptions to the rule of alternating vowels at the root of a word.
a) z...ryanka;
b) roar;
c) sunbathe;
d) excerpts;
e) industry;
e) k...saning.
Answers. 1 - V. 2 – b, c, d, d. 3 – a, d, e. 4 – in, g. 5 – G. 6 – a, d, d.
Level C.
1. Find the incorrect statement.
a) In the root -kos- - -kas- the letter A is written in an unstressed position if the root is followed by the suffix -a-, and the letter -o- if this suffix is not present.
b) At the root with alternating -gor- - -gar- the letter O is written in an unstressed position.
c) In the root -zor- - -zar-, under stress it is written O, and without stress – a.
d) Among the roots with alternation there are exceptions to the rules.
2. In what words is O written at the place of the gap?
b) sunbathe;
c) touching;
d) river...sink;
e) presentation;
e) zag...r.
3. In what words is A written in the blank?
a) z...rnitsa;
b) zar...sli;
c) tanned;
d) grow;
e) coll...ation;
f) tangent.
4. Indicate words with an alternating vowel in the root.
a) enjoy;
b) teach;
c) carbonic;
d) explosion;
e) b...gatyr;
e) get angry.
5. In which variant is the alternating vowel at the root of the word missing in all words?
a) to..dream, to...lie, to..feel;
b) r..ashenia, d..mashny, pale..little;
c) the simplest, the most obvious, the most obvious;
d) y...roar, touch..dream, burnt..rel.
6. Choose words that are exceptions to the rule about alternating vowels in the root of a word.
a) z...ryanka;
b) roar;
c) sunbathe;
d) excerpts;
e) industry;
e) k...saning.
Match.
| 1. Burn. | |
| 3. Z...rka. | |
| 4. Narration. | |
| 5. Not good...sl. | |
| 6. Contact. |
Answers. 1 - V. 2 – b, c, d, d. 3 – a, d, e. 4 – V, G. 5 – G.6 – a, d, d.7 – 1B, 2A; 3B, 4A; 5 B; 6A.
Evaluation of results.
Level A. Correct 5 answers – “5”; 4 answers – “4”; 3-2 answers – “3”.
Level B. Correct 6 answers – “5”; 5-4 answers – “4”; 3-2 answers – “3”.
Level C. Correct 7 answers – “5”; 6-5 answers – “4”; 4-2 answers – “3”.
L.I. NOVIKOVA,
Troitsk, Moscow region.
Spelling of roots -gar- Note 1. About writing vowels -mountain-
Lesson topic: "Spelling vowels O Note 1. About writing vowels A in the roots -gar- Note 1. About writing vowels -mountain-» .
Lesson type: explanation of new material.
Lesson Objectives :
– teach schoolchildren to distinguish between the spelling of roots with alternating vowels;
– develop the ability to distinguish between homonymous roots, the spelling of which is subject to different rules;
– promote the formation of interest in spelling and attentive attitude to the word.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Complex work with text.
Do you know, young reader, that long ago fairy tales were told orally, passing them on from one generation to another.
Fairy tales were created by people who dreamed of justice. This is why in folk tales good triumphs over evil.
Writers and storytellers learned from the people and gave us literary fairy tales about the sleeping beauty, the snow queen, and the steadfast tin soldier.
Fairy tales teach us fidelity, kindness, devotion, generosity, and hard work. It’s not without reason that they say: “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows.”
Read the text expressively out loud.
What does the text say?
What do the fairy tales we read teach us?
Copy the text, fill in the missing spellings, and explain your spelling choices.
Make an outline of the last sentence of the text.
2. Text checking, working with spelling.
Students read the text sentence by sentence and explain spelling. In what parts of the words are the spellings found? (In consoles(told) , in endings(You know)
and in the roots of words.)
Look at the diagram of spellings in the roots of words, which is given on the board, and give examples for each case. Examples of which rules were not found in the text?
(Spelling of alternating vowels in word roots.) What roots with alternating vowel do you already know? (Roots.)
-log-//-lozh-, -rast-, -rasch-//-grown-
3. Preparation for the perception of new material.
Read the words you wrote down with their roots -lag-//-false-(to set out, to lay out, to add, adjective, to lay out).
What examples did you choose for spelling the root? -growing-, -growing-//-growing- ? (Grow, plant, grown, grown, industry.)
So, you and I already know that a word can contain not only unverifiable vowels, but also alternating vowels, which in no case can be checked by stress.
We introduced you to the spelling of two roots, in which the choice of vowel depends on the subsequent consonant in the root of the word.
Today we introduced you to another root with alternation.
4. Working with new material. Derivation of rules for spelling roots.
Look at the board, compare the entries in two columns and try to find a pattern in the spelling of the roots. Write on the board:
(Fundamentally -gar-//-gor- under stress it is written A, no accent O.)
Open the textbook, look at the rule that is given there, compare whether you found the correct pattern in writing the roots. (The pattern is defined correctly.) What does the textbook add to what we have already learned? Are there exceptions to this rule?
5. Primary consolidation of the studied material (vocabulary explanatory dictation).
Flammability, ignite, ignite, burn out, burner, combustible, burn out, sunbathe, tanned, ignite, burn, burnt out, burn out, heat, fumes, burn out.
6. In-depth study of the material.
Is the root spelling rule complicated? -gar- //-gor- what we learned in class? (Not difficult.)
Indeed, for an observant person this is not at all difficult. But sometimes the roots -gar- And -mountain- find themselves in a difficult situation.
At the beginning of the lesson we talked about fairy tales. The text we worked with talked about folk and literary fairy tales. But there are other tales that are called linguistic. With the help of one such tale we will find ourselves in the country of the Russian language and see what is happening there...
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived twin brothers in a hut. They were very similar to each other, but still slightly different. One single letter.
These were the roots -gor-, -gar-
. They divided everything in half. -gar-
-Gor-
worked in an unstressed position, and took the whole blow upon himself: he worked under the stress. If the sentence contained the words -mountain-
burn, burners, burn , then the root, then the root was in a hurry -gar-
.
The brothers lived together in peace and harmony. But then one day their quiet life was disrupted. We envied the roots in words grieve mountain And
the welfare of the brothers. They decided to destroy their peace. -mountain-
“We are your true brothers,” they whispered to the root . - Look at our faces. We are like two peas in a pod and we know how to work just as well. Here look: grief, grieve, mountaineer, mountainous -gar-
.
Take us into your family, and the root -mountain-
drive away.
The root doubted -mountain-
!
: and he felt sorry for driving away his brother (after all, we had been together for so many years!), and he didn’t want to offend strangers (after all, it’s true, they were so similar!). What should I do? -mountain- Help the root
How can you help the root? get out of a difficult situation? ?
What spelling rule should be used when alien roots are found in a sentence, as in the words
grieve, mountain
Remember the proposed rhyme and try to distinguish homonymous roots in words.
We are the same in appearance
Very similar, good
But, defining the root, first
Think about it, don't rush.
Ponder our meaning
Delve into the content
Only then will you be able to tell us apart,
Only then will there be no secrets. 7. Performing training exercises.
Task 1 (distributive dictation):
write down the words in three columns, distributing them by type of spelling and depending on their meaning. Orally select test words for the spellings being checked. Grieve, mountain, burnt, mountainous, miserable, sorrowful, burns, flared up, mountain woman, burned. mountains Task 2 (dictation-confusion):
given words, each of which begins with
.
Your task: write down these words, identify the roots in them, explain their spelling, find among them words based on the rule we have studied. -gar- Note 1. About writing vowels -mountain- .
Humpbacked, skier, burnt out, hot, proud, urban, horizontal, flared up, humpback, mountain rescuer, fuss, humpback, be proud, burn out, mustard plaster, hot, grieving, burnt, horizon, gorilla, horoscope, pea, bitterness, get excited, redstart, adonis, gorkom, vociferous, neck, bugler, mining plant, pea.
