What is a cartoon? Research work "Cartoons, what are they?"

Nomination "Aesthetic cycle"

I, like all children, really love watching cartoons. I can’t even count the number of cartoons I’ve watched. And it seemed that I knew everything about them... But one day, after another viewing of my favorite “SonixX”, I thought: what are cartoons? I asked my classmates, but they also found it difficult to answer...

First I went to the library, where I read in the dictionary that cartoons, a cartoon, an animated film, an animation are all the same thing... this is what animation is called in our cinema, translated from Latin it means “soul”, “animation” or “revival” "

I looked for information about cartoons from various sources: books, the Internet, educational television programs.

I became very interested and wanted to try myself as an animator. The plot of my cartoon is simple: a plot about a multibot dance competition. For a long time I couldn’t decide what kind of main character would be: drawn, plasticine, puppet or computer. And I decided to make three completely different heroes: Rissundo, Plastillinius and Robo.

Lighting fixtures are included. The camera is charged. The filming process has begun. More than 2 thousand frames were shot for our five-minute cartoon. After all, in order for the character’s movement to seem smooth, a very fast frame change is required - 24-30 per second!

The resulting images were processed on a computer using a special program, where frame changes occurred at a certain speed. Musical accompaniment was selected. Voices were recorded and overlaid onto audio tracks... Titles were drawn up.

And now my own cartoon is ready! I was a screenwriter, a director, an animator, a graphic artist, a designer, an announcer, a sound engineer, a video and photo operator, and even a producer... Oh, and it’s not an easy job to make cartoons... How it turned out is up to you to judge. And now I know exactly what a cartoon is. Cartoon is talent and creativity, hard work of people and a very interesting activity!

A survey among classmates revealed the following: just like me, all the kids in my class really love watching cartoons, devoting 15 minutes to 2 hours to this activity every day, but just like me, they don’t know what cartoons are, they have difficulty characterizing their favorite cartoon (0 - 1 sign).

As a survey in the ascertaining experiment showed, the most favorite and popular animated films among classmates are foreign-made cartoons - 100% ("Spider-Man" - among boys; "Winx Club" - among girls).

Information about the origin, history of development and production technologies of animated films was obtained from various sources (books, dictionaries, educational television programs, videos, the Internet). Personally, during the research alone, I watched about 40 animated films of various content. I defined cartoons as a special type of film art created by animators who use various materials and techniques to create characters, and “animation” occurs through rapid changes of frames.

Various classifications of cartoons have been created: according to production technology; goals and objectives; by duration; by age criteria and interests; by nationality (producing countries)

Using the classification of cartoon-making technology, 3 characters were chosen to create our own cartoon at home: plasticine, puppet and hand-drawn. An editing table was made from scrap materials, and the whole family made the scenery and the main characters.

The plot is simple: Cheburashka’s TV report from the intergalactic dance competition of multibots, held at our gymnasium, where 3 finalists (Robo, Plastillinius and Rissundo) demonstrate their dancing skills to the fiery rhythms of “techno”. To create a 5-minute cartoon, it took more than 2 thousand photo frames, which were then edited in a video editor at a certain speed (0.03 s).

After introducing the guys to the project and demonstrating the cartoon, he suggested comparing and evaluating the main characters. Most of all, the kids liked the plasticine hero Plastilinius (53%), Rissundo scored 28%, and the puppet hero Robo 19%! Indeed, the lowest cost, excellent plasticity and visual effectiveness were observed in the plasticine hero, but he easily deformed after each trick and “melted before our eyes” from the heat of the lighting lamps, getting his hands dirty. The puppet hero was more durable, but limited in movements and the ability to perform various tricks.

Creating a hand-drawn character seemed to me the most difficult, painstaking and costly, provided that I used the simplest hand-drawn animation technology - the “overlay” method! This requires special creative and professional skills to draw not only objects, but also the movement of objects, moving objects in space and great patience.

At the defense of the project, I introduced the children to the classifications of cartoons that I had developed, which were presented in the form of reminders. Thanks to this, the guys were able to easily characterize any cartoon. This is also evidenced by a control survey: 89% of children were able to define animation and characterize their favorite cartoon based on 3-5 characteristics (86%).

The knowledge gained during project activities helps me treat animated films with even greater interest, analyze, compare, classify... In the future, I would like to continue researching technologies for creating animated films, for example, master computer 2-D and 3-D animation and, perhaps , create a new cartoon.

Film by Mikhail Polyakov

The theoretical part of the study in the form of a presentation

Cartoons: what is it?

research

Completed

students of 1st "K" grade

MBOU Lyceum of Uvarovo named after A.I. Danilova

Supervisor -

primary school teacher

MBOU Lyceum of Uvarovo named after A.I. Danilov

Miloserdova Olga Valerievna

Uvarovo 2015

Introduction 3

Main part:

Theoretical part

What is a cartoon? 4

What kind of cartoons are there 4

Practical part

Analysis of survey results 4-7

Analysis of the results of experiment 7

Conclusion 8

Literature 8

Applications 8-11

Introduction

Relevance of the topic . Cartoons are children's favorite entertainment.

There are many cartoons and programs for children shown on television that go on for days on end. Many parents view cartoons solely as a fun pastime for their children and have little interest in the meaning of the cartoon shown. But we should not forget that cartoons serve not only an entertainment function; they have a direct impact on the child’s psyche. And since the formation of a person’s personality begins in early childhood, it is very important what cartoons the child watches.

Purpose of the study. Determine the role of cartoons in a child’s life.

Hypothesis. If children watch cartoons, they develop a positive emotional state and develop moral qualities, because Cartoons perform an educational function.

Research objectives.

Find out what a cartoon is and what types of cartoons there are.

Conduct a survey on which cartoons children like and which they don’t.

Conduct an experiment: how does watching good and scary cartoons affect the emotional state of children.

Research methods: 1.Questionnaire

2.Experiment

Object of study: cartoons.

Duration of the study: March 2015

Main part

Theoretical part:

What is a cartoon?

Cartoons or cartoons are the abbreviated name for animated films. The term "animation" is used as a synonym for the term "animation". "Animation" - "revival" or "animation".

Cartoons are a special type of film art created by animators who use various materials and techniques to create characters, and “revival” occurs through rapid changes of frames.

What types of cartoons are there?

All cartoons can be divided into groups according to the method of their creation. There are:

hand-drawn cartoons (one of the oldest and most popular types of animation);

plasticine animation (the material for the cartoon can be plasticine or clay);

computer animation (this is when characters are created using computer graphics);

Practical part

Analysis of survey results

We decided to explore which cartoons children and their parents prefer. To do this, we conducted a survey among students in grade 1 “K” and their parents (see Appendix 1). 24 students of grade 1 “K” and 24 parents took part in it. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that all children and parents like to watch cartoons.

Most of the children in the class named modern cartoons as their favorites, because they are bright, funny and interesting. 15% of children named old cartoons as their favorites, such as “Well, wait a minute!” and “Vacation in Prostokvashino”, because they are funny and instructive. Parents' preferences were divided equally: 50% named modern cartoons among their favorites, and 50% named old Soviet cartoons. As you can see, all parents and most children named good, positive cartoons among their favorites.

To the question: How often do you watch cartoons?

Every day more than 1 hour - 20 people.

Every day less than 1 hour-2 people.

Several times a week - 0 people.

Rarely - 2 people

We watch cartoons with the whole family - the whole class answered yes. These are cartoons such as: “Masha and the Bear”, “Trilogy about the Heroes”.
Next we asked you to writethe most favorite Russian cartoons, and this is what happened:

Trilogy about Russian heroes – 10 people

Luntik – 5 people

Wait for it! - 3 persons

Masha and the Bear – 2 people

Smeshariki - 2 people

Fixies – 2 people

Unlike Russian cartoons, foreign ones are more often divided into boy's and girl's cartoons.

Girls: Winx – 8 people

Tom and Jerry - 2 people

Winnie the Pooh – 1 person

Shrek – 1 person

Boys: Tom and Jerry - 5 people

Turtles – Ninja – 4 people

Spider-Man – 2 people

Monsters vs Aliens - 1 person

Conclusion : Most of the children surveyed prefer and watch Russian-made cartoons because they are bright, interesting, funny and instructive. While parents prefer and love to watch old cartoons, because they teach goodness, justice, there is no violence in them, they are kind, sincere and cheerful.

Next, we asked to name cartoons, after watching which, you want to hug and love everyone, give gifts and say kind words. These are such cartoons as “Leopold the Cat”, “Winnie the Pooh”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Prostakvashino”, “Kid and Carlson”, “Smeshariki”.

Cartoons that make you want to protect and save the weak after watching them: “Winx”, “Three Heroes”, “Well, Just Wait!”, “Tom and Jerry” and “A Kitten Named Woof”.

Cartoons that make you want to start studying well: “Vovka in the Thirtieth Kingdom”, “In the Land of Unlearned Lessons” and “Dunno”

Conclusion: Kind, cheerful, positive cartoons awaken in children the same kind and wonderful desires - to love everyone, hug everyone, give gifts, say kind words. Instructive cartoons, such as “In the Land of Unlearned Lessons,” help to realize the usefulness and necessity of school lessons, and children have a desire to start studying well.

The vast majority of parents - 90% do not allow their children to watch cartoons that contain cruelty, violence, aggression, where robots, monsters and various monsters are shown.

To the question: What cartoons do you recommend your children watch? - absolutely all parents answered - kind, smart, educational cartoons, where good triumphs over evil, 50% of parents consider the old cartoons of their childhood to be such, and the other half believes that among modern ones there are many of the same kind, cheerful and positive cartoons.

Analysis of the experimental results.

To conduct the experiment, 2 cartoons were chosen: one - “Terribly Scary Cartoon” - scary, the second - “Luntik” - kind, positive.

After watching the cartoon, we asked the children to describe their feelings and emotions and draw a picture for the cartoon. (Appendix 2)

Almost all the children, after watching the scary cartoon, said that they were scared and creepy watching this cartoon, because there was a lot of death and blood, they felt horror and loneliness. They didn't like this cartoon. But several children said that although they were scared, they liked watching such cartoons. All the children agreed that such cartoons should not be watched by small children and should not be watched at night. Drawings made after watching this cartoon indicate that the children were in a depressed mood: they depicted children crying in fear, monsters and blood.

The second cartoon is kind, cheerful, funny. All the children liked the cartoon, and they wanted to watch other episodes from this cartoon. The children drew funny, smiling faces, Luntik and other cartoon characters; the drawings turned out bright and colorful. All the children had positive emotions after watching this cartoon.

Thus, the experiment showed that the mood of children directly depends on the cartoon. The kind cartoon made the children laugh and their drawings were filled with joy. While the scary cartoon ruined the mood of most children, their drawings showed fear and depression

Conclusion

Thus, our hypothesis that cartoons influence a positive emotional state was partially confirmed, because Not all cartoons are able to evoke a positive emotional mood in children and be educational in nature.Cartoons are a very important part in a child’s development and understanding of the world around him, and parents should help figure out where the “good” cartoon is and where the “bad” one is.

We continue to watch “good” cartoons and learn kindness and respect for the whole world.

Literature:

1. Encyclopedia “I want to know everything”
2. “So that it doesn’t get boring” S. Volkov
3.Internet portal “Research activities of schoolchildren”
4. “The harm and benefits of cartoons” by L.G. Evstigneeva
5.Internet – article “Cartoons: harm or benefit?” M. Dyakova

Applications:

Annex 1.

Questionnaire

1. Do you like watching cartoons?____________________________________________________________

2. Which cartoon do you like best?

domestic_____________________________________________________

foreign________________________________________________________

3. Which cartoon do you not like? Why?___________________________________________________________

4. Place the cartoons below in order. Number “1” indicate your favorite one, then the last number will go to the worst cartoon, in your opinion (you can add cartoons that are not on the list).

Baby and Carlson

Shrek

Smeshariki

Prostokvashino

Lion King

Tom and Jerry

Wait for it!

Trilogy about Russian heroes

5. Name the cartoons that make you want to:

hug and love everyone:_______________________________________

give gifts and say kind words: ________________________

sit and cry:_____________________________________________

protect and save the weak:__________________________________________

kill all the bad ones so that everything on earth becomes good:______________

start studying well:__________________________________________

6. How often do you watch cartoons?

A) every day more than 1 hour

B) every day less than 1 hour

B) several times a week

D) rarely

7. Do you watch cartoons with your whole family? If yes, which ones?

__________________________________________________________________

8. What cartoons do you not allow your children to watch? (question for parents)______________________________________________________________

Appendix 2

An animated film, cartoon (from the merger of Latin multiplicatio - multiplication and English film - film; colloquial cartoon) is a film made using frame-by-frame rendering tools (including 3D modeling) and intended for demonstration in a cinema, broadcast on television, viewing on a computer screen and other electronic devices.

The list of animated films made in the style of stop-motion animation is based on the amounts earned from ticket sales in cinemas. Profits from video rentals, television broadcasts, etc. are not taken into account. Data taken from Box Office Mojo and The Numbers. Amounts are expressed in US dollars and do not take into account inflation. Due to inflation, movie ticket prices increase over time, giving new movies higher rankings on the list. Therefore, a list that does not take into account inflation cannot be objective...

The list is based on the amount films have earned from ticket sales in theaters to date. Profits from video rentals, television broadcasts, etc. are not taken into account. Amounts are expressed in US dollars and do not take into account inflation. All data taken from Box Office Mojo.

The Big Cartoon Festival (BFM) is an international festival of animated films held in Russia. The festival has been held annually since 2007 in Moscow. Also, festival events are held in a number of other Russian cities (Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg). BFM is a spectator festival, programs are formed by two program directors, there is no professional competition. In several program blocks, audience voting is carried out, and the authors of the winning films are awarded...

Kashtanov N, Naimushin N

Educational project. How to create a cartoon at home

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Municipal state educational institution

Secondary school with. Korlyaki

Sanchursky district, Kirov region

How to create a cartoon?

The work was completed by:

2nd grade student Nikita Kashtanov,

1st grade student Naimushin Nikita,

Head: Zhuravleva

Inna Alekseevna,

Primary school teacher

Korlyaki

2014

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 3

1. Literature review……………………………………………………………...................... 4

1.1. What is animation...................................................... ........................... 4

1.2. Classification of cartoons……………………………..…. 5

1.3. The largest film studios for creating cartoons........……… 5

2. Activities within the project…………………………………….6

3. Project performance indicators………………………………….8

3.1. Results of the selected equipment…………………………….8

3.2. Results of the creative process…………………………………... 8

3.3. Dissemination of results……………………………………9

Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………... 10

Literature……………………………………………………………….. 11

Applications………………………………………………………12

Problem and relevance of the work

« Cartoon light pierces the darkness of ordinary days,
In them the inanimate comes to life to the surprise of the eyes,
Miracles happen in the running frames,
The spirit of creativity settled in them forever.”
Alexey Samsonov

We, like all children, love to watch cartoons. We can’t even count the number of cartoons we’ve watched. And it seemed that we knew everything about them... But one day, after watching one of the cartoons, the guys and I had an argument. We decided to find out: what are cartoons? We asked our classmates, but they also found it difficult to answer...

Information about cartoons was sought from various sources: books, the Internet, and educational television programs.

We became very interested and wanted to try ourselves as an animator. The plot of the cartoon is simple: traffic rules for cyclists. For a long time they could not decide what the main character would be like: drawn, plasticine, puppet. And I decided to make it from a material accessible to everyone - plasticine and a construction set. Lighting fixtures are included. The camera is charged. The filming process has begun.

Hypothesis. Is it easy to create a cartoon with your own hands at home?

Target. Create a cartoon with your own hands at home.

Tasks. 1. Study the literature on this topic.

2. Identify various technologies for creating cartoons

3. Create your own cartoon and develop recommendations for its creation.

1. Literature review

1. What is a cartoon?

First we went to the library, where we read in the dictionary that cartoons, cartoon, animated film, animation are all the same thing... This is what animation is called in our cinema, translated from Latin it means “soul”, “animation” or “revival” " [ 1 ]

Animation is a type of film art that is created by frame-by-frame filming of individual drawings - for hand-drawn films, or frame-by-frame filming of individual theatrical scenes for puppet films. [ 1 ]

During the study alone, we watched about 20 animated films of various content. We have determined that animators use various materials and technologies to create characters, and “revival” occurs through rapid changes of frames.

1. Classification of cartoons.

Cartoon as a form of film art began to develop at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1906, the world's first hand-drawn children's film was released in the United States. In Russia, in 1936, the Soyuzdetmultfilm studio also began operating, which began producing hand-drawn and puppet cartoons. The plots for them were taken, as a rule, from Russian folk tales. Nowadays, it is customary to divide all cartoons according to the technological process, for example: Drawn; Puppetry; Plasticine; Sand; Powder (usually bulk material is used); Computer. By duration there are

short films (lasting no more than 45 minutes) and full-length films lasting 45 minutes or more. And finally, the last parameter for classifying cartoons is based on age restrictions, for example: for small children, for teenage children and for adults. Today, thanks to the rapid development of computer technology, creating one or another free animated series is not as difficult as it used to be. [2]

1. The largest film studios producing cartoons

Since ancient times, people have dreamed of being able to convey movement in their works, which is why there are currently a huge number of cartoons. They are usually divided by country of origin, for example: American; French made; Japanese; Russia and the USSR; Czech made; German; English.

The creator of the first sound, first musical and first full-length cartoon in history is the American animator, film director, actor, screenwriter and producer Walt Disney. From 1923 to the present, his cartoons - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”, “One Hundred and One Dalmatians”, cartoon series about Mickey Mouse, etc. are extremely popular.

In 1936, the Soyuzmultfilm animation studio was organized in Moscow. Over the more than 70-year history of animation, the studio has created the well-known cartoons “Well, wait a minute!”, “Baby and Carlson”, “Winnie the Pooh”, “Three from Prostokvashino”, “CrocodileGena”, etc.

[ 3 ]

2. Activities within the project

We plan to implement our project during the first quarter, i.e. from September to October 2013. Pupils of 1st and 2nd grades will be involved in the work. We are planning a meeting withcomputer science teacher Anatoly Leonidovich Suslov, class teacher Inna Alekseevna Zhuravleva. Let's find out from them the possibilities of creating cartoons with their own hands.

We will begin our work by studying literature. Let's study various sources: encyclopedias, Internet resources, educational television programs on a topic that interests us. When we meet and talk with teachers, we will learn how to work with the necessary programs. Let's choose a cartoon theme. Let's create our own cartoon. Based on personal experience, we will develop recommendations for creating a cartoon.

After that, we found Internet resources that were accessible and understandable to us.

We chose the methodology for creating a cartoon transfer on one of the sites - “Rucheyok. Ecological club for children and parents"[ 4 ]

Based on the literature studied, we developed our own methodology.[ Application ]

1. Necessary things to create a cartoon with your own hands.

First. We don't need special equipment. Only camera , can be very simple.

Second. Skills in working with plasticine are required.

Third. Computer skills and the simple Vegas program installed by default in the Windows operating system.

2. Step-by-step sequence of creating a cartoon with your own hands.

We divided the sequence of creating a cartoon into several stages. We need to take 5 important steps:

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Step 2. Think over and sculpt the images of the film's characters, the scenery of the scenes where the film will take place.

Step 3. Do

Step 5. Edit the film in the Vegas program, installed by default in the Windows operating system.

3. Project performance indicators

3.1. Results of the selected equipment.

In order to accurately determine what kind of cartoon we will create, we used the studied classification. We chose that our cartoon would be short, children's, educational, plasticine. We chose the necessary equipment for the work - a Samsung camera, a computer with the Vegas program installed for editing frames and recording sound. We received advice on working with this program from computer science teacher Anatoly Leonidovich Suslov.

3.2. Results of the creative process.

After familiarizing ourselves with the necessary equipment, we decided to introduce the children to the rules of the road for cyclists through a cartoon. We chose a script. We liked the poem by O.N. Kamanin “How Masha rode a bicycle.” We got all the kids in our class involved in the work. We distributed excerpts of the poem for voicing. We developed the characters together: Masha, girlfriends, policeman. We made the scenery necessary for the script. To do this, we used Lego, toy cars, and used paper and cardboard to construct buildings and road markings. This material is affordable and very convenient to use. We have all materials in stock, so the cost of the project is zero rubles.

At the next stage of work, we arranged the characters and scenery in accordance with the script. We rearranged the characters and scenery and filmed

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every scene. We got about 60 frames. We chose the right ones. After all the frames were ready, editing of the cartoon began. Moved

photos to the computer. We opened the Vegas video editing program. We added all the frames to the timeline, arranging them in the right order.

3.3. Dissemination of results

The completed work brought us great pleasure. We have been waiting for the result for many months. We shared our joy with our parents by inviting them to the premiere of the cartoon “How Masha Rided a Bicycle.”

This work was presented at the festival “Young Creativity for Road Safety” and was awarded a first degree diploma at the regional stage.

conclusions

Animation is a special type of film art created by animators who use various materials and technologies to create characters, and “revival” occurs through rapid changes of frames.

1. During the implementation of the educational project, Internet sources were studied.

2. We identified various technologies for creating cartoons

3. We created our own cartoon and developed recommendations for beginning animators.

During the work performed, our hypothesis was confirmed. You can create a cartoon at home.

This work can be used in lessons about the surrounding world, during classroom hours, extracurricular activities, at parent meetings, for conversations with students about traffic rules and activities in free time. The advantage of this work can be considered that the work being carried out is accessible to anyone who has the desire and creativity.

Kashtanov Nikita, Naimushin Nikita,

Studying MKOUSOSH s. Korlyaki

Equipment for creating a cartoon with your own hands.

1. Camera
2. Computer with movie making software
3. Microphone for recording sound.

Step-by-step sequence for creating a cartoon.

Step 1. Create a script for your film.

Step 2. Think over the images of the film's characters, the scenery of the scenes where the film will take place.

Step 3. Do photographs, rearranging drawings of characters on scenes in accordance with the script.

Step 4. Choose a method for scoring the film in accordance with the script.

Step 5. Edit the film in the Vegas program or another program installed by default in the Windows operating system.