Chemical experiments in the school laboratory. Experiments for children: chemistry lesson for the little ones

Such a complex but interesting science as chemistry always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments that result in the production of substances of bright colors, the release of gases, or precipitation. But only a few of them like to write complex equations of chemical processes.

The importance of entertaining experiences

According to modern federal standards, a curriculum subject such as chemistry has been introduced in secondary schools and has not been left without attention.

As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems, the young chemist hones his skills in practice. It is through unusual experiences that a teacher develops an interest in the subject in his students. But in regular lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time to conduct them for children.

To correct this, additional elective and optional courses were invented. By the way, many children who are interested in chemistry in the 8th and 9th grades become doctors, pharmacists, and scientists in the future, because in such classes the young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.

What courses involve fun chemical experiments?

In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. The children were not offered any special courses or extracurricular chemical activities. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The children were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, and made mistakes in writing ionic equations.

Due to the reform of the modern education system, the situation has changed. Now in educational institutions they are also offered in lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them and learn to draw conclusions.

Elective courses related to chemistry help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and those designed for younger students contain bright, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk and become familiar with the substances that are obtained when it sours.

Experiences related to water

Entertaining chemistry is interesting for children when, during an experiment, they see an unusual result: the release of gas, a bright color, an unusual precipitate. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.

For example, chemistry for 7-year-old children can begin with an introduction to its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the students that in a watermelon there is more than 90 percent of it, and in a person it is about 65-70%. After telling schoolchildren how important water is for humans, you can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.

By the way, in this case, the standard chemistry set for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to affordable devices and materials.

Experience "Ice Needle"

Let's give an example of such a simple and at the same time interesting experiment with water. This is the construction of an ice sculpture - a “needle”. For the experiment you will need:

• water;
• salt;
• ice cubes.

The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so such an experiment cannot be carried out in a regular lesson. First, you need to pour water into an ice tray and place it in the freezer. After 1-2 hours, after the water turns into ice, the entertaining chemistry can continue. For the experiment you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.

First, children should arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving a free space in the center. Next, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing them together.

Gradually all the cubes are connected, and the result is a thick and long “needle” of ice. To make it, just 2 teaspoons of table salt and 50 small pieces of ice are enough.

You can tint the water to make the ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for 9-year-old children becomes an understandable and fascinating science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the shape of a pyramid or diamond.

Experiment "Tornado"

This experiment does not require special materials, reagents or tools. The guys can do it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, let's stock up:

• plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
• water;
• dishwashing detergent;
• sparkles.

The bottle should be filled 2/3 full with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of glitter into the bottle. Screw the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding it by the neck, and twist it clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Before the “tornado” starts working, you will have to spin the bottle 3-4 times.

Why does a “tornado” appear in an ordinary bottle?

When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind appears, similar to a tornado. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how scary tornadoes are in nature.

Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use a coloring agent, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Experiment "Soap Bubbles"

Do you want to tell your children what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in lessons; there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.

For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot of positive emotions, and it can be done in a few minutes. We will need:

• liquid soap;
• jar;
• water;
• thin wire.

In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire into a ring, dip it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow out of the mold a beautiful soap bubble of our own making.

For this experiment, only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable. Otherwise, children will not be able to blow soap bubbles.

To make it more interesting for the children, you can add food coloring to the soap solution. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.

Entertaining experience “Water from plants”

To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with its help that nutrients are transported. The teacher notes that if there is not enough water in the body, all living things die.

For the experiment you will need:

• alcohol lamp;
• test tubes;
• green leaves;
• test tube holder;
• copper sulfate (2);
• beaker.

This experiment will require 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.

Green leaves are placed in a test tube and secured in a holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then do this only with the part where the green leaves are located.

The glass should be placed so that the gaseous substances released in the test tube fall into it. As soon as heating is completed, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate to the drop of liquid obtained inside the glass. Gradually the white color disappears, and the copper sulfate becomes blue or dark blue.

This experience brings children into complete delight, because before their eyes the color of substances changes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.

Experiment "Magic Wand"

This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First you need to make a star-shaped blank and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).

During the experiment itself, the star attached to the “magic wand” is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds its color changes and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, using a hydrochloric acid solution would be optimal), and the crimson color disappears - the star becomes colorless again.

If the experiment is carried out for children, during the experiment the teacher tells a “chemical tale”. For example, the hero of a fairy tale could be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to find out why there are so many bright flowers in a magical land. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of “indicator” and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.

"Genie in a Bottle" Experience

This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is capable of chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum and gold).

You need to pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire there. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.

For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes an equation for a chemical reaction and identifies signs of its occurrence (change in color, appearance of gas). This experiment is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of a school chemistry lab. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of vapors of nitrogen oxide (“brown gas”) that pose a danger to children.

Home experiments

In order to whet the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, conduct an experiment on growing table salt crystals.

The child must prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin twig in it, and as the water evaporates from the solution, crystals of table salt will “grow” on the twig.

The jar of solution should not be shaken or rotated. And when the crystals grow after 2 weeks, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can coat the product with colorless varnish.

Conclusion

There is no more interesting subject in the school curriculum than chemistry. But in order for children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher must devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiments and unusual experiments.

It is the practical skills that are formed during such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades, entertaining experiments are considered according to the Federal State Educational Standards as independent project and research activities.

The experiments at home that we will talk about now are very simple, but extremely entertaining. If your child is just getting acquainted with the nature of various phenomena and processes, such experiences will look like real magic for him. But it’s no secret that it is best to present complex information to children in a playful way - this will help reinforce the material and leave vivid memories that will be useful in further education.

Explosion in calm water

Discussing possible experiments at home, first of all we will talk about how to make such a mini-explosion. You will need a large vessel filled with regular tap water (for example, it could be a three-liter bottle). It is advisable for the liquid to settle in a quiet place for 1-3 days. After this, you should carefully, without touching the vessel itself, drop a few drops of ink into the very middle of the water from a height. They will spread beautifully in the water, as if in slow motion.

A balloon that inflates itself

This is another interesting experiment that can be done at home. You need to pour a teaspoon of ordinary baking soda into the ball itself. Next, you need to take an empty plastic bottle and pour 4 tablespoons of vinegar into it. The ball must be pulled over its neck. As a result, the soda will pour into the vinegar, a reaction will occur with the release of carbon dioxide, and the balloon will inflate.

Volcano

Using the same baking soda and vinegar, you can create a real volcano in your home! You can even use a plastic cup as a base. Pour 2 tablespoons of soda into the “mouth”, fill it with a quarter glass of heated water and add a little dark food coloring. Then all that remains is to add a quarter glass of vinegar and watch the “eruption”.

"Color" magic

Experiments at home that you can demonstrate to your child also include unusual changes in their color with different substances. A striking example of this is the reaction that occurs when iodine and starch combine. By mixing brown iodine and snow-white starch, you will get a liquid... of a bright blue hue!

Fireworks

What other experiments can you do at home? Chemistry provides a huge field for activity in this regard. For example, you can make bright fireworks right in your room (but preferably in the yard). A little potassium permanganate needs to be crushed into a fine powder, and then take a similar amount of charcoal and grind it too. After thoroughly mixing the coal with manganese, add iron powder. This mixture is poured into a metal cap (an ordinary thimble will do) and kept in the flame of the burner. As soon as the composition heats up, a whole rain of beautiful sparks will begin to scatter around.

Soda rocket

And finally, let’s talk again about chemical experiments at home, which involve the simplest and most accessible reagents - vinegar and sodium bicarbonate. In this case, you will need to take a plastic film cassette, fill it with baking soda, and then quickly pour in 2 teaspoons of vinegar. The next step is to put a lid on your homemade rocket, place it upside down on the ground, stand back and watch it take off.

B.D.STEPIN, L.Yu.ALIKBEROVA

Spectacular experiments in chemistry

Where does the passion for chemistry begin - a science full of amazing mysteries, mysterious and incomprehensible phenomena? Very often - from chemical experiments, which are accompanied by colorful effects, “miracles”. And this has always been the case, at least there is a lot of historical evidence of this.

The materials in the “Chemistry at School and at Home” section will describe simple and interesting experiments. All of them turn out well if you strictly follow the given recommendations: after all, the course of the reaction is often influenced by temperature, the degree of grinding of substances, the concentration of solutions, the presence of impurities in the starting substances, the ratio of the reacting components and even the order of their addition to each other.

Any chemical experiments require caution, attention and accuracy when performed. Following three simple rules will help you avoid unpleasant surprises.

First: There is no need to experiment at home with unfamiliar substances. Don't forget that too much of a well-known chemical can also become dangerous in the wrong hands. Never exceed the amounts of substances specified in the experiment description.

Second: Before performing any experiment, you must carefully read its description and understand the properties of the substances used. There are textbooks, reference books and other literature for this.

Third: one must be careful and prudent. If experiments involve combustion, the formation of smoke and harmful gases, they should be shown where this will not cause unpleasant consequences, for example, in a fume hood during a chemistry class or in the open air. If during the experiment any substances are scattered or splashed, then it is necessary to protect yourself with protective glasses or a screen, and seat the audience at a safe distance. All experiments with strong acids and alkalis should be carried out wearing goggles and rubber gloves. Experiments marked with an asterisk (*) can only be performed by a teacher or chemistry club leader.

If these rules are followed, the experiments will be successful. Then chemical substances will reveal to you the wonders of their transformations.

Christmas tree in the snow

For this experiment, you need to get a glass bell, a small aquarium, or, as a last resort, a five-liter glass jar with a wide neck.

You also need a flat board or sheet of plywood on which these vessels will be installed upside down.

You will also need a small plastic toy Christmas tree. Perform the experiment as follows.

First, the plastic Christmas tree is sprayed with concentrated hydrochloric acid in a fume hood and immediately placed under a bell, jar or aquarium (Fig. 1). Keep the Christmas tree under the bell for 10–15 minutes, then quickly, slightly raising the bell, place a small cup with a concentrated ammonia solution next to the Christmas tree. Immediately, crystalline “snow” appears in the air under the bell, which settles on the Christmas tree, and soon it is all covered with crystals similar to frost.

This effect is caused by the reaction of hydrogen chloride with ammonia:

HCl + NH 3 = NH 4 Cl,

which leads to the formation of tiny colorless crystals of ammonium chloride, showering the Christmas tree.

Sparkling Crystals

How can one believe that a substance, when crystallized from an aqueous solution, emits a sheaf of sparks under water? But try mixing 108 g of potassium sulfate K 2 SO 4 and 100 g of sodium sulfate decahydrate Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O (Glauber's salt) and add a little hot distilled or boiled water in portions while stirring until all the crystals dissolve. Leave the solution in the dark so that upon cooling, crystallization of the double salt of the composition Na 2 SO 4 2K 2 SO 4 10H 2 O begins. As soon as crystals begin to separate, the solution will sparkle: weakly at 60 ° C, and stronger and stronger as it cools. When a lot of crystals fall out, you will see a whole sheaf of sparks.

The glow and the formation of sparks is caused by the fact that during the crystallization of the double salt, which is obtained by the reaction

2K 2 SO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 + 10H 2 O = Na 2 SO 4 2K 2 SO 4 10H 2 O,

The appearance of this amazing glow is caused by the almost complete conversion of the energy of a chemical reaction into light. To observe it, a 10-15% solution of potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3, formalin - an aqueous solution of formaldehyde HCHO and perhydrol - a concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 are added to a saturated aqueous solution of hydroquinone C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. The glow of the liquid is best observed in the dark.

The reason for the release of light is the redox reactions of converting hydroquinone C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 into quinone C 6 H 4 O 2, and formaldehyde HCHO into formic acid HCOOH:

C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 + H 2 O 2 = C 6 H 4 O 2 + 2H 2 O,

HCHO + H 2 O 2 = HCOOH + H 2 O.

At the same time, the reaction of neutralization of formic acid with potassium carbonate occurs with the formation of a salt - potassium formate HSOOC - and the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 (carbon dioxide), so the solution foams:

2HCOOH + K 2 CO 3 = 2HCOOC + CO 2 + H 2 O.

Hydroquinone (1,4-hydroxybenzene) is a colorless crystalline substance. The hydroquinone molecule contains a benzene ring in which two hydrogen atoms in the para position are replaced by two hydroxyl groups.

Thunderstorm in a glass

Thunder and lightning in a glass of water? It turns out that this happens! First, weigh 5–6 g of potassium bromate KBrO 3 and 5–6 g of barium chloride dihydrate BaC 12 2H 2 O and dissolve these colorless crystalline substances when heated in 100 g of distilled water, and then mix the resulting solutions. When the mixture is cooled, a precipitate of barium bromate Ba (BrO 3) 2, which is slightly soluble in the cold, will precipitate:

2KBrO 3 + BaCl 2 = Ba(BrO 3) 2 + 2KCl.

Filter the resulting colorless precipitate of Ba(BrO3)2 crystals and wash it 2–3 times with small (5–10 ml) portions of cold water.

Then air dry the washed sediment. After this, dissolve 2 g of the resulting Ba(BrO 3) 2 in 50 ml of boiling water and filter the still hot solution.

Set the glass with the filtrate to cool to 40–45 °C. This is best done in a water bath heated to the same temperature.

Check the temperature of the bath with a thermometer and, if it drops, reheat the water using an electric stove.

Tap water is poured into a glass and a piece of “dry ice” - solid carbon dioxide CO 2 - is thrown into it. The water will immediately begin to bubble, and thick white “smoke” will pour out of the glass, formed by cooled water vapor, which is carried along by sublimating carbon dioxide. This “smoke” is completely safe.

Carbon dioxide. Solid carbon dioxide sublimes without melting at a low temperature of –78 °C. In the liquid state, CO 2 can only be under pressure.

Carbon dioxide gas is a colorless, nonflammable gas with a mild sour taste. Water is capable of dissolving a significant amount of CO 2 gas: 1 liter of water at 20 ° C and a pressure of 1 atm absorbs about 0.9 liters of CO 2. A very small part of dissolved CO2 interacts with water, and carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 is formed, which only partially interacts with water molecules, forming oxonium ions H 3 O + and hydrocarbonate ions HCO 3 –:

H 2 CO 3 + H 2 O HCO 3 – + H 3 O + ,

HCO 3 – + H 2 O CO 3 2– + H 3 O + .

Mysterious disappearance

Chromium(III) oxide will help show how the substance disappears without a trace, disappearing without flame or smoke.

To do this, pile up several tablets of “dry alcohol” (solid fuel based on hexamine), and pour a pinch of chromium(III) oxide Cr 2 O 3 preheated in a metal spoon on top. And what? There is no flame, no smoke, and the slide gradually decreases in size. After some time, all that remains is a pinch of unspent green powder - the catalyst Cr 2 O 3.

The oxidation of hexamine (CH 2) 6 N 4 (hexamethylenetetramine) - the basis of solid alcohol - in the presence of the catalyst Cr 2 O 3 proceeds according to the reaction:

(CH 2) 6 N 4 + 9O 2 = 6CO 2 + 2N 2 + 6H 2 O,

where all products - carbon dioxide CO 2, nitrogen N 2 and water vapor H 2 O - are gaseous, colorless and odorless. It is impossible to notice their disappearance.

Acetone and copper wire

A ring of copper wire is heated away from the glass with acetone, holding it by the handle, and then quickly lowered into the glass with acetone so that the ring does not touch the surface of the liquid and is 5–10 mm away from it (Fig. 2). The wire will become hot and glow until all the acetone is used up. But there will be no flames or smoke! To make the experience even more spectacular, the lights in the room are turned off.

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Rice. 2. Disappearance of acetone

On the surface of copper, which serves as a catalyst and accelerates the reaction, oxidation of acetone vapor occurs to acetic acid CH 3 COOH and acetaldehyde CH 3 CHO:

2(CH 3) 2 CO + O 2 = CH 3 COOH + 2CH 3 CHO,

with the release of a large amount of heat, so the wire becomes red-hot. The vapors of both reaction products are colorless and are indicated only by their smell.

"Dry acid"

If you put a piece of “dry ice” - solid carbon dioxide - into the flask and close it with a stopper with a gas outlet tube, and lower the end of this tube into a test tube with water, where blue litmus was added in advance, then a small miracle will soon happen.

Warm the flask slightly. Very soon the blue litmus in the test tube will turn red. This means that carbon dioxide is an acidic oxide; when it reacts with water, carbonic acid is obtained, which undergoes protolysis, and the environment becomes acidic:

H 2 CO 3 + H 2 O HCO 3 – + H 3 O + .

Magic egg

How to peel a chicken egg without breaking the shell? If you dip it in dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid, the shell will completely dissolve and the white and yolk will remain, surrounded by a thin film.

This experience can be demonstrated in a very impressive way. You need to take a flask or glass bottle with a wide neck, pour diluted hydrochloric or nitric acid into it 3/4 of the volume, put a raw egg on the neck of the flask, and then carefully heat the contents of the flask. When the acid begins to evaporate, the shell will dissolve, and after a short time the egg in the elastic film will slip inside the vessel with the acid (although the egg is larger in cross-section than the neck of the flask).

The chemical dissolution of an egg shell, the main component of which is calcium carbonate, corresponds to the reaction equation.

Entertaining chemical experiments will prepare children for studying chemistry at school. Most of the experiments carried out at home are not dangerous, educational, and effective. Some experiments are provided with a written description, which will help explain to the child the essence of the processes taking place and awaken interest in chemical science.

When conducting chemical experiments at home, the following safety rules must be observed:

Simple experiments for little ones

Chemical experiments for young children, carried out at home, do not require any special substances.

Colored bubbles

For one such experiment you will need:

• fruit juice;
• sunflower oil;
• 2 effervescent tablets;
• decorative transparent container.

Stages of experience:

You can create bubbles with a stronger shell yourself by mixing water and dishwashing detergent in a 2:1 combination + a little granulated sugar. If you add glycerin instead of sugar, the bubbles will reach very large sizes. Adding food coloring to the soap solution will create colored glowing bubbles.

Night light

You can make a night light at home using simple substances. To do this you will need:

• tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfur heads from matches;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• bleach.

Sequencing:

1. Place sulfur in a bowl, add bleach, and leave for a while.
2. Draw the mixture into a syringe and prick the tomato from all sides.
3. To start the chemical reaction, hydrogen peroxide must be introduced. This is also done with a syringe in the place where the petiole was located.
4. When in a dark room, the tomato will emit a soft light.

Carefully! You can no longer eat this tomato.

Sizzling balls

You can make your own sizzling balls for children's bathing.

During work, hands must be protected with gloves.

Sequencing:

Floating worms

For the next experiment you will need:

• 3 jelly worm candies without sugar sprinkles;
• soda;
• acetic acid;
• water;
• glass glasses.

Stages of work:

1. The first glass is half filled with acetic acid.
2. Pour warm water into the second glass and dilute 60 g of soda.
3. Place candy in the solution and leave for 15 minutes.
4. Remove the candies from the soda solution and place them in a glass with the essence.
5. The surface of the sweets will immediately become covered with bubbles; they will continuously rise to the surface and fall to the bottom of the glass. This happens because the soda first fills the pores of the candy, then, reacting with vinegar, it releases carbon dioxide, which raises the candy to the top.
6. When they come into contact with air, the bubbles burst, the candy sinks to the bottom and again becomes covered with bubbles and rises.

Experiments for older children

Chemical experiments for children at home can be more complex and interesting.

Volcano

So, any schoolchild can simulate a volcanic eruption at home:

Colored foam

To experience creating colored foam you will need:

Sequencing:

1. The glasses are placed on a tray, half filled with soda, and dyes are added.
2. Mix vinegar with detergent and pour into glasses.
3. Colored foam will come out of each glass. You can pour the vinegar mixture into glasses several times until all the soda is released.

Malachite egg

The experiment of dyeing a chicken egg the color of malachite is lengthy, but interesting:

1. To do this, remove the contents from the egg: make 2 holes and blow it out.
2. For weight, a little plasticine is placed in an empty egg.
3. Dissolve a spoonful of copper sulfate in 0.5 liters of water (it can be purchased at a hardware store).
4. Dip the egg into the solution; the shell should be completely immersed in the solution.
5. After a few days, gas bubbles will appear.
6. After a week, the shell will acquire a light blue-green color.
7. After a month, the color of the shell will become rich malachite.

Fireworks

Making fireworks with your own hands:

1. Magnesium shavings are very finely ground.
2. Sulfur match heads are separated from the wood. You will need 2-3 boxes of matches. Crushed magnesium is mixed with sulfur powder.
3. Take a metal tube and seal one of the holes tightly with plaster.
4. Pour a mixture of magnesium and sulfur into the tube. The mixture should not occupy more than half of the tube.
5. The tube is wrapped several times with foil. A wick is inserted into the free hole.
6. Such fireworks can only be exploded in deserted places.

Coloring water blue

To color a colorless liquid blue you need:

• alcohol solution of iodine;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• vitamin C tablet;
• starch;
• glass glasses.

Performing the experiment step by step:

1. A vitamin C tablet is ground into powder and dissolved in 55 ml of warm water.
2. Pour 5 ml of the resulting solution into a glass, add 5 ml of iodine and 55 ml of heated water. The iodine should become discolored.
3. Separately mix 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide, 5 g of starch, 55 ml of water.
4. The iodine solution is poured back and forth into the starch solution several times.
5. The colorless liquid will turn dark blue. Iodine loses color when it reacts with vitamin C. Starch turns blue when mixed with iodine.

Simple experiments on the properties of metals

Chemical experiments for children at home can be carried out with metals.

For simple experiments you will need:

• fire;
• pieces of various metals;
• foil;
• copper sulfate;
• ammonia;
• acid.

To experiment with copper wire, a small piece of metal is twisted into a spiral and heated strongly over a fire. Then immediately lower it into a container with ammonia. The reaction will occur instantly: the metal will begin to hiss, and the black coating formed when exposed to fire will disappear. The copper wire will shine again. It is better to do the experiment several times, then the color of the ammonia will turn blue.

For the next experiment you will need solid iodine, crushed aluminum, and warm water. Iodine is mixed with aluminum in equal parts. Water is added to the mixture. The powder begins to burn, releasing purple smoke.

Another experiment will involve:

• chrome-plated paper clip;
• galvanized steel nail;
• pure steel screw;
• acetic acid;
• 3 test tubes.

Stages of experience:

1. Metal objects are placed in test tubes, filled with acid, and left for observation. In the first days, hydrogen evolution is observed.
2. On the 4th day, the acid in test tubes with coated metal objects begins to turn red. In a test tube with a steel screw, the acid turns orange and a precipitate appears.
3. After 2 weeks in a test tube with a paper clip, the acid turns red, but only in the upper layers. Where the paperclip is located, the acid is colorless. After removing the paper clip, you can see that its appearance has not changed.
4. The acid in a test tube with a nail is colored with a smooth transition from red to pale yellow. The nail hasn't changed.
5. In the 3rd test tube, layered coloration of the liquid and sediment are also observed. The screw turned black, the upper microlayers of the metal collapsed.

Conclusion: unprotected iron is susceptible to corrosion.

For the next experiment, you need to prepare a blue solution of copper sulfate (dissolve several crystals in water, stir). Place non-rusty nails in a test tube and fill with solution. After some time, the solution will turn green and the nails will turn copper-colored. This happened because iron displaced copper from the liquid, and the displaced copper settled on metal objects.

To conduct the “Hydrogen Glove” experiment you will need:

Sequencing:

1. The saline solution and copper sulfate solution are simultaneously poured into the flask. When mixed, a sea-green liquid is obtained.
2. Make a lump of foil and place it in the hole of the flask. Immediately, hydrogen begins to rapidly evolve.
3. Put a rubber glove on the neck, it will instantly fill with gas.
4. When the glove comes into contact with fire, it ruptures and the gas ignites. The liquid in the vessel gradually acquires a dirty gray tint.

The most spectacular chemical experiments for children

Chemical experiments for children at home are very diverse, and some are very impressive.

Colored foam

To make a large amount of colored foam you need:

Bleached green

For the experiment on bleaching greenery you will need:

• brilliant green solution;
• glasses;
• bleach;
• ammonia;
• vinegar;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• activated carbon tablets.

Sequencing:

1. Water is poured into 6 glasses, a drop of greenery is added to each.
2. The 1st glass is set aside for comparison, bleach is added to 2, ammonia to 3, peroxide to 4.
3. Ammonia instantly discolors the liquid.
4. Small bubbles appeared in the glass with bleach, and the solution became colorless.
5. Hydrogen peroxide will discolor the liquid gradually, over about 15 minutes.
6. Adding vinegar to the solution will make the liquid brighter.
7. After 30 min. the liquid becomes lighter.
8. Activated carbon brightens the solution.

Pharaoh snake

Conducting an experiment called “Pharaoh’s Snake” will require:

Stages of experience:

1. The sand is soaked in alcohol and formed into a cone.
2. A recess is made at the top.
3. Mix soda with sugar and pour into the well.
4. The soaked sand is set on fire.
5. The mixture will turn into black balls, soda and sugar will begin to decompose.
6. After burning the alcohol, a snake will appear, consisting of the products of burning sugar.

Pharaoh's snake made from sugar and soda:

Fire without a spark

To obtain a fire without a spark, you need potassium permanganate, glycerin and paper.

Sequencing:

1. Place approximately 1.5 g of potassium permanganate powder in the center of a sheet of paper, cover with the free edge of the sheet.
2. Apply 3 drops of glycerin to the paper in the place where the powder is located.
3. After 30 seconds, potassium permanganate will begin to hiss, smoke and produce black foam. The exothermic reaction will heat the paper and it will catch fire.

Fireworks

To make small fireworks at home, you need to choose a small fireproof dish with a long handle.

Sequencing:

1. On a paper sheet you need to pour a crushed tablet of activated carbon, the same amount of potassium permanganate and the same amount of iron filings.
2. Fold a piece of paper in half to combine the powders (powders should not be mixed with spoons or spatulas; they may ignite).
3. Carefully pour into a fireproof container and heat over the burner. After a few seconds. the heated mixture will begin to emit sparks.

Chemistry sets for children

Chemical experiments for children at home will help you carry out special sets of substances and tools.

Experiment kit “Vulcan”

Designed for children over 14 years old, it allows you to independently reproduce the eruption of a small volcano.

Equipment:

To conduct the experiment, you first need to make the volcano itself; sand or gypsum is suitable as a material. When the mountain has frozen, a special powder is poured into the depression and set on fire. The substance begins to burn spectacularly, throwing out sparks, and ash appears.

The advantages of such an experiment include a visual representation of flammable substances. Disadvantages: presence of harmful substances, can only be used once.

Price: 440 rub.

Chemistry set

The kit provides for growing crystals at home.

The set includes:

• ammonium crystal;
• dye;
• polypropylene container;
• gloves;
• colored glass base;
• stirring tool;
• instructions.

Stages of work:

• Pour crystalline powder into a container and mix with 150 ml of boiling water.
• Stir until completely dissolved.
• The base of the crystal is immersed in the liquid.
• Cover with a lid for 60 minutes.
• Add a substance to form a crystal into the cooled water and close the lid.
• After a day, remove the lid.
• Wait until the top of the crystal appears above the water.
• The water is drained, the crystal is removed and dried.

The experiment is very interesting for children and is practically safe, but it will take at least 4 days to complete.

Cost of the set: 350 rub.

Set for chemical experiments “Traffic light”

Set includes:

• sodium hydroxide;
• glucose;
• indigo carmine;
• 2 measuring cups;
• gloves.

Sequence of experience:

1. Glucose (4 tablets) is dissolved in 1 glass using a small amount of boiling water. Add 10 mg sodium hydroxide solution.
2. A little indigo carmine is dissolved in the 2nd glass.
3. A solution of glucose and alkali is poured into the resulting blue liquid.
4. When mixing the solutions, the liquid will turn green (oxygen in the air oxidizes indigo carmine).
5. Gradually the solution will turn red, then yellow. If the vessel with the yellow solution is shaken, the liquid will turn green again, then red and yellow.

The experiment is spectacular, interesting and safe. The disadvantages include insufficiently detailed instructions.

Set price: 350 rub.

Advantages and disadvantages of home experiments

Most chemical home experiments, if carried out correctly, do not harm the health of the child, but it is better to carry them out under adult supervision. All the necessary substances can be found in any kitchen.

Experiments will reveal to children the secrets of the interaction of substances and arouse interest in understanding the world.

Article format: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Video on the topic: chemical experiments for children

Home miracle laboratory: chemical experiments for children:

Municipal budgetary educational institution

“Secondary school No. 35”, Bryansk

Entertaining experiments in chemistry

Developed

chemistry teacher of the highest category

Velicheva Tamara Alexandrovna

When conducting experiments, it is necessary to observe safety precautions and skillfully handle substances, utensils and instruments. These experiments do not require complex equipment or expensive reagents, and their effect on the audience is enormous.

"Golden" nail.

10-15 ml of copper sulfate solution is poured into a test tube and a few drops of sulfuric acid are added. An iron nail is immersed in the solution for 5-10 seconds. A red coating of copper metal appears on the surface of the nail. To add shine, wipe the nail with filter paper.

Pharaoh's snakes.

Crushed dry fuel is placed in a heap on the asbestos mesh. Norsulfazole tablets are placed around the top of the slide at equal distances from each other. During the demonstration of the experiment, the top of the slide is set on fire with a match. During the experiment, make sure that three independent “snakes” are formed from three norsulfazole tablets. To prevent the reaction products from sticking together into one “snake”, it is necessary to correct the resulting “snakes” with a splinter.

Explosion in a bank.

For the experiment, take a tin of coffee (without a lid) with a capacity of 600-800 ml and punch a small hole in the bottom. The jar is placed on the table upside down and, having covered the hole with damp paper, a gas outlet tube from Kiryushkin’s device is brought from below to fill it with hydrogen ( the jar is filled with hydrogen for 30 seconds). Then the tube is removed and the gas is ignited with a long splinter through the hole in the bottom of the jar. At first the gas burns calmly, and then a hum begins and an explosion occurs. The can jumps high into the air and flames burst out. The explosion occurs because an explosive mixture has formed in the can.

"Butterfly Dance"

For the experiment, “butterflies” are made in advance. The wings are cut out of tissue paper and glued to the body (pieces of a match or toothpick) for greater stability in flight.

Prepare a wide-mouth jar, hermetically sealed with a stopper into which a funnel is inserted. The diameter of the funnel at the top should be no more than 10cm. Acetic acid CH 3 COOH is poured into the jar so much that the lower end of the funnel does not reach the surface of the acid by about 1 cm. Then several tablets of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) are thrown through a funnel into a jar of acid, and the “butterflies” are placed in the funnel. They begin to “dance” in the air.

The “butterflies” are held in the air by a stream of carbon dioxide formed as a result of a chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid:

NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH = CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O

Lead coat.

A human figure is cut out of a thin zinc plate, cleaned well and placed in a glass with a solution of tin chloride SnCl 2. A reaction begins, as a result of which the more active zinc displaces the less active tin from the solution:

Zn + SnCl 2 = ZnCl 2 + Sn

The zinc figurine begins to become covered with shiny needles.

"Fire" cloud.

Flour is sifted through a fine sieve and flour dust is collected, which settles far along the sides of the sieve. It is dried well. Then two full teaspoons of flour dust are introduced into the glass tube, closer to the middle, and slightly shaken along the length of the tube by 20 - 25 cm.

Then the dust is strongly blown out over the flame of an alcohol lamp placed on a demonstration table (the distance between the end of the tube and the alcohol lamp should be about one meter).

A “fire” cloud is formed.

"Star Rain.

Take three teaspoons of iron powder and the same amount of ground charcoal. All this is mixed and poured into a crucible. It is fixed in a tripod and heated on an alcohol lamp. Soon the starry rain begins.

These hot particles are ejected from the crucible by carbon dioxide produced when coal burns.

Change in color of flowers.

In a large battery glass, prepare a mixture of three parts of diethyl ether C 2 H 5 ─ O ─ C 2 H 5 and one part (by volume) of a strong ammonia solution NH 3 ( there should be no fire nearby). Ether is added to facilitate the penetration of ammonia into the cells of the flower petal.

Individual flowers or a bouquet of flowers are dipped into an ether-ammonia solution. At the same time, their color will change. Red, blue and purple flowers will turn green, white (white rose, chamomile) will turn dark, yellow will retain their natural color. The changed color is retained by the flowers for several hours, after which it becomes natural.

This is explained by the fact that the color of the petals of fresh flowers is caused by natural organic dyes, which have indicator properties and change their color in an alkaline (ammonia) environment.

List of used literature:

Shulgin G.B. This is fascinating chemistry. M. Chemistry, 1984.

Shkurko M.I. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. Minsk. People's Asveta, 1968.

Aleksinsky V.N. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. Teacher's manual. M. Education, 1980.