Afanasy fet briefly. Brief biography of feta

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is a Russian lyric poet and translator of German origin. Fet was born on November 23, 1820 in the village of Novoselki in the Oryol province, and died on November 21, 1892 in Moscow. Contemporaries were always amazed by the writer's literary lyricism, successfully combined with the enterprise of a successful landowner.

Biography

The poet was born into the family of Oryol landowner Afanasy Shenshin and Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker, who left her native Germany. The young writer received knowledge in the German private boarding house Krummer, where his love for poetry and philology first manifested itself. Fet's further education was carried out by Moscow University.

In 1845, when Afanasy graduated from the university, military service awaited him. 12 months later, the hardworking lyricist received his first military rank. In 1853, on duty, he arrived in St. Petersburg, after being transferred to the local guards regiment. A year later, the young man served in the Baltic port; memories of this period formed the basis for his further memoirs, “My Memories.” Fet retired in 1858, settling in Moscow after completing his military service. But he didn’t forget about the northern capital either - he often visited St. Petersburg, looking for inspiration and meeting friends from his youth.

In 1857, Afanasy Afanasyevich proposed to Maria Botkina, who was the sister of the famous literary critic. Subsequently, Fet acquired an estate in Mtsensk district, where he and his wife were engaged in the development of agriculture: they grew grain crops, maintained a small horse farm, kept cattle, and raised bees and birds. The profit received from the family farm was the main source of family income.

In 1867, Fet was elected to the position of justice of the peace. The writer's judicial practice lasted 11 years and ended in 1878.

The poet died of a heart attack; according to unverified information, before this he tried to take his own life by committing an unsuccessful suicide. The lyricist was buried in the village of Kleymenovo on the family estate.

Creative path

Fet's works were published in newspapers and magazines even while he was studying at the university. The first full-fledged work of the young lyricist was published in 1840 - it was a collection of poems “Lyrical Pantheon”, written in collaboration with his university friend Apollo Grigoriev. In 1842, publications were published in the magazines “Otechestvennye zapiski” and “Moskvityanin”.

During his service, Afanasy Afanasyevich does not forget about the creative component of his life. The second collection appeared in 1850, and in 1856 the third was ready. These works receive positive reviews from critics and experienced journalists. A little later, Fet will meet the editors of Sovremennik and even start friendly relations with local writers. Good reviews of his works allow the poet to gain recognition from the common population.

From 1862 to 1871, short stories, stories and essays were published, including the cycle of works “From the Village”, “Notes on Freelance Labor” and a two-volume collection of poems. Fet clearly distinguishes literary activity, considering poetry a tool for expressing romantic feelings, and prose a reflection of the real state of affairs.

Later, issues of “Evening Lights” are published. In the 90s, the book “My Memories” appeared, describing Fet’s entire life’s journey, and after his death, a second book with memoirs, “The Early Years of My Life,” was published.

In addition to creating his own works, Fet spent his entire life translating foreign literature. It is he who owns the translation of “Faust”, which came from the pen of Goethe. The poet also translated Schopenhauer and wanted to take on the works of Kant.

Biography and episodes of life Afanasia Fet. When born and died Afanasy Fet, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Poet quotes, Photo and video.

Years of life of Afanasy Fet:

born December 5, 1820, died November 21, 1892

Epitaph

"Quiet waves are whispering,
The shore whispers to another,
The full moon is swaying
Heed the kisses of the night.
In the sky, in the grass and in the water
I can hear the night whispering,
Silently rushing everywhere:
“Honey, come on a date...”
Poem by Alexander Blok dedicated to the memory of Afanasy Fet

Biography

The famous Russian poet Afanasy Fet became a prominent representative of pure poetry, making love and nature the main themes of his work. Almost his entire life, Fet tried to regain his title of nobleman and the right to inheritance. It all started with the fact that the mother of the future poet, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker, while pregnant with him, began a stormy affair with the landowner Afanasy Shenshin when he was on vacation in Darmstadt. Pregnancy did not stop the lovers; they secretly moved to Russia. Here, on the estate of her beloved, Charlotte gives birth, and the child is recorded as the son of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. But Charlotte Becker’s wedding to Shenshin took place only two years later - after she converted to Orthodoxy.

At the age of fourteen, Afanasy receives the first blow of fate when it is discovered that he was born out of wedlock. As a result, he is deprived of nobility, Russian citizenship, surname and, at the same time, position in society. Wanting to restore justice and win his right to inheritance, Fet decides to join the cuirassier regiment. According to the laws existing at that time, after just six months of service one could receive an officer’s rank, and with it, return the much-desired nobility. However, failures continue to haunt young Fet: in Russia a decree is issued according to which only senior officers who have served for at least 15 years can receive the title of nobility.

Fet made his first attempts at poetry at a young age, when he was in Krümmer's German boarding school. When the poet was about 20 years old, “Lyrical Pantheon”, the first collection of poems by Afanasy Fet, was published. This is followed by publications in such magazines as Otechestvennye zapiski, Moskvityanin. In 1846, the writer received his first officer rank. Fet's second collection of works received praise from critics, but the joy of success was overshadowed by the death of his beloved Maria Lazic. The Russian poet dedicates a series of poems and the poem “Talisman” to his deceased beloved.

Together with his regiment, Fet was stationed near St. Petersburg, where he met Goncharov, Nekrasov, and Turgenev. It was under the editorship of the latter that Fet’s third collection was published. Tired of trying to regain his nobility, the poet resigns. Together with his wife Maria Petrovna, the sister of the then famous critic Botkin, he moved to Moscow.

Many years later, when a two-volume collection of Fet’s poetic works was released, the title of nobleman was returned to him, and at the same time the surname Shenshin. But the poet decides not to change his literary pseudonym and signs his poems with the surname Fet until his death.

The official date of Fet's death is November 21, 1892. Although the cause of Afanasy Fet's death was given as a heart attack, biographers suggest that he could have committed suicide. Fet's funeral took place in the village of Kleimenov. The ashes of the famous Russian poet still rest here, on the Shenshin family estate.

Life line

December 5, 1820 Date of birth of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (Shenshin).
1835 Admission to the German private boarding school Krümmer in Verro (Estonia).
1837 Admission to Moscow University.
1840 Publication of Fet’s collection of poems “Lyrical Pantheon”.
1845 Enlistment in the cuirassier regiment of the Military Order.
1850 Release of the second collection of poetry by Afanasy Fet.
1853 Moving to St. Petersburg for work.
1857 Marriage to Maria Botkina.
1857 Resignation with the rank of guards captain and move to Moscow.
1867 Appointment to the position of justice of the peace.
November 21, 1892 Date of death of Fet.

Memorable places

1. The village of Novoselki in the Oryol region, where Afanasy Fet was born.
2. The city of Võru in Estonia, where the young poet studied.
3. Moscow State University, where Fet studied.
4. Baltic port, where Fet served.
5. The village of Kleymenovo, where Afanasy Fet is buried.
6. Fet’s estate-museum in 1st Vorobyovka, Kursk region.
7. Monument to Fet in Orel (near the writer’s house on Saltykov-Shchedrin Street).

Episodes of life

For his original style of presentation, Afanasy Fet was nicknamed a representative of pure poetry and, of course, one of the best poets of the lyrical genre. It is interesting that in one of his most revealing poems - “Whisper, timid breathing ...” - not a single verb is used. At the same time, such a seemingly static description perfectly reflects the movement of time.

Afanasy Fet's first love is associated with the name of the young, well-educated aristocrat Maria Lazic. For some time, the lovers maintained a relationship that did not go beyond light flirting, but Fet, despite obvious sentiments towards Maria, decided never to marry her. Soon their union broke up, and shortly after that, Lazic tragically died due to a fire. Her last words were addressed to Afanasy. The poet himself experienced the loss for a long time and painfully. Until the end of his life, he regretted that their marriage never took place.

Covenant

“The soul is trembling, ready to flare up purer,
Although the spring day has long faded
And under the moon in life's cemetery
Both the night and one’s own shadow are scary.”

Documentary film about Afanasy Fet

Condolences

“...This painful illness dragged on with almost no improvement. Ostroumov said that at 72 years old it is difficult to expect recovery, but Marya Petrovna and I kept hoping. I remember that P.P. Botkin, visiting the patient several times, told Marya Petrovna that it would be necessary to give communion to Afanasy Afanasyevich. But Marya Petrovna said resolutely every time: “For God’s sake, don’t tell him this; he will get angry and feel worse; he does not believe in rituals; I already take this sin upon myself and will pray about it myself.”
Ekaterina Kudryavtseva, secretary of Afanasy Fet

“...It was heartbreaking to see how every hour my dear Afanasy Afanasyevich was moving further and further away from us. “I’m going out like a lamp,” he said.”
Maria Shenshin, wife

Afanasy Fet- an outstanding Russian poet, translator and memoirist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His poems are known and read not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders.

Afanasy Fet in his youth

Soon he successfully passed the exams at Moscow University at the Faculty of Law, but then transferred to the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy.

At the university, the student became friends with the famous writer and journalist Mikhail Pogodin.

While studying at the university, Afanasy Fet did not stop composing new poems. One day he wanted to know Pogodin’s opinion regarding his work.

He responded positively to his poems and even decided to show them (see).

Imagine Fet’s surprise when he learned that his works made an excellent impression on the famous writer. Gogol called the young poet “an undoubted talent.”

Fet's works

Inspired by praise, in 1840 Afanasy Fet published a poetry collection “Lyrical Pantheon”, which turned out to be the first in his creative biography. Since that time, his poems began to appear in various Moscow publications.

A few years later, serious changes occurred in Fet’s life. In 1844, his mother and beloved uncle passed away.

It is worth noting that after his uncle’s death, he expected to receive an inheritance from him. However, for some unknown reason, the money disappeared.

As a result, Afanasy Afanasyevich was left practically without a livelihood. To make a fortune, he decided to become a cavalryman and rise to the rank of officer.

In 1850, Afanasy Fet’s second collection was published, which aroused great interest among critics and ordinary readers. After 6 years, a third edited collection appeared (see).

In 1863, Fet published a two-volume collection of his own poems. It contained many lyrical works in which he perfectly described human qualities. In addition to poetry, he was also fond of writing elegies and ballads.

It is worth noting that Afanasy Fet gained great popularity as a translator. During his biography, he managed to translate both parts of Faust and many works of Latin poets, including Horace, Juvenal, Ovid and Virgil.

An interesting fact is that at one time Fet wanted to translate the Bible into, since he considered the Synodal translation unsatisfactory. He also planned to translate the Critique of Pure Reason. However, these plans were never destined to come true.

Poems by Fet

Among the hundreds of poems in Fet’s biography, the most popular are:

• If the morning makes you happy...
• Steppe in the evening
• I'll just meet your smile...
• I stood motionless for a long time...
• I came to you with greetings...

Personal life

By nature, Afanasy Fet was a rather extraordinary person. Many saw him as a serious and thoughtful person.

As a result, his admirers could not understand how such a closed personality managed to vividly, vividly and easily describe nature and human feelings.

One day in the summer of 1848, Fet was invited to a ball. While meeting the invited guests and watching the dancing, he noticed a black-haired girl, Maria Lazic, who was the daughter of a retired general.

It is interesting that Maria was already familiar with the work of Afanasy Fet, since she loved poetry.

Soon correspondence began between the young people. Later, the girl inspired Fet to write many poems and played an important role in his biography.

However, Afanasy Fet did not want to propose to Maria, since she was as poor as he was. As a result, their correspondence ceased, and at the same time any communication.

Soon Maria Lazic died tragically. An accidentally thrown match caused her outfit to catch fire, as a result of which she received many burns incompatible with life.

Some biographers of Fet claim that the death of the young beauty was suicide.

When the writer gained some popularity and was able to improve his financial situation, he went on a trip to the cities of Europe.

Abroad, Fet met a wealthy woman, Maria Botkina, who later became his wife. And although this marriage was not for love, but for convenience, the couple lived a happy life together.

Death

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet died on November 21, 1892 from a heart attack at the age of 71.

Some researchers of Fet's biography believe that his death was preceded by a suicide attempt, but this version has no reliable facts.

The poet was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate in the Oryol region of Russia.

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Love the book, it will make your life easier, it will help you sort out the colorful and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect people and yourself, it inspires your mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for people.

Maxim Gorky

Afanasy Fet made a significant contribution to literature. During Fet's student period, the first collection of works, “Lyrical Pantheon,” was released.

In his first works, Fet tried to escape reality, described the beauty of Russian nature, wrote about feelings, about love. In his works, the poet touches on important and eternal topics, but does not speak directly, but with hints. Fet skillfully conveyed the whole gamut of emotions and moods, while evoking pure and bright feelings in readers.

Creativity changed its direction after the death of Fet’s beloved. The poet dedicated the poem “Talisman” to Maria Lazic. Probably all subsequent works about love were also dedicated to this woman. The second collection of works aroused keen interest and positive reaction from literary critics. This happened in 1850, at which time Fet became one of the best modern poets of that time.

Afanasy Fet was a poet of “pure art”; in his works he did not touch on social issues and politics. All his life he adhered to conservative views and was a monarchist. The next collection was published in 1856, it included poems in which Fet admired the beauty of nature. The poet believed that this was precisely the goal of his work.

Fet had a hard time enduring the blows of fate; as a result, relationships with friends were interrupted and the poet began to write less. After two volumes of collected poems in 1863, he stopped writing altogether. This break lasted 20 years. The muse returned to Fet after he was restored to the privileges of a nobleman and his stepfather's surname. Later, the poet’s work touched upon philosophical themes; in his works, Fet wrote about the unity of man and the Universe. Fet published four volumes of the collection of poems “Evening Lights”, the last one was published after the poet’s death.

Russian lyricist of German origin, translator, memoirist

Afanasy Fet

short biography

Born on December 5, 1820 in the Novoselki estate of the Mtsensk district of the Oryol province, on November 30 he was baptized according to the Orthodox rite and named Afanasy.

Father - Oryol landowner, retired captain Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. Mother - Charlotte Elizabeth Becker.

In 1834, the spiritual consistory canceled the baptismal registration of Athanasius as the legitimate son of Shenshin and identified Charlotte-Elizabeth's first husband, Johann Peter Karl Wilhelm Fet, as his father. Along with his exclusion from the Shenshin family, Afanasy lost his hereditary nobility.

In 1835-1837, Afanasy studied at the German private boarding school Krummer. At this time he began to write poetry and show interest in classical philology. In 1838 he entered Moscow University, first at the Faculty of Law, then at the historical and philological (verbal) department of the Faculty of Philosophy. Studied for 6 years: 1838-1844.

While studying, he began publishing in magazines. In 1840, a collection of Fet’s poems, “Lyrical Pantheon,” was published with the participation of Apollo Grigoriev, Fet’s friend from the university. In 1842 - publications in the magazines “Moskvityanin” and “Domestic Notes”.

After graduating from the university, Afanasy Fet in 1845 entered the cuirassier regiment of the Military Order (its headquarters was in Novogeorgievsk, Kherson province) as a non-commissioned officer, in which he was promoted to cornet on August 14, 1846, and to staff captain on December 6, 1851.

In 1850, Fet's second collection was published, which received positive reviews from critics in the magazines Sovremennik, Moskvityanin and Otechestvennye zapiski.

Then seconded (in 1853) to His Majesty's Ulan regiment of the Life Guards, Fet was transferred to this regiment stationed near St. Petersburg with the rank of lieutenant. The poet often visited St. Petersburg, where Fet met with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov and others, as well as his rapprochement with the editors of the Sovremennik magazine.

During the Crimean War, he was in the Baltic Port as part of the troops guarding the Estonian coast.

In 1856, Fet's third collection was published, edited by I. S. Turgenev.

In 1857, Fet married Maria Petrovna Botkina, sister of the critic V.P. Botkin.

In 1858 he retired with the rank of guards captain and settled in Moscow.

In 1860, using funds from his wife’s dowry, Fet bought the Stepanovka estate in the Mtsensk district of the Oryol province - 200 acres of arable land, a wooden manor’s one-story house with seven rooms and a kitchen. And over the next 17 years he was engaged in its development - he grew grain crops (primarily rye), launched a stud farm project, kept cows and sheep, poultry, raised bees and fish in a newly dug pond. After several years of farming, the current net profit from Stepanovka was 5-6 thousand rubles per year. The proceeds from the estate were the main income of the Feta family.

In 1863, a two-volume collection of Fet's poems was published.

I am embarrassed more than once:
How should I write in current affairs?
I am among the crying Shenshin,
And Fet I am only among the singers.

In 1867, Afanasy Fet was elected justice of the peace for 11 years.

In 1873, Afanasy Fet was returned to the nobility and the surname Shenshin. The poet continued to sign his literary works and translations with the surname Fet.

In 1877, Fet sold Stepanovka and bought the ancient estate Vorobyovka in the Kursk province - a manor house on the banks of the Tuskar River, near the house there is a centuries-old park of 18 dessiatines, across the river there is a village with arable land, 270 dessiatines of forest three miles from the house.

In 1883-1891 - publication of four issues of the collection “Evening Lights”.

In 1890, Fet published the book “My Memoirs,” in which he talks about himself as a landowner. And after the author’s death, in 1893, another book with memoirs was published - “The Early Years of My Life.”

Fet died on November 21, 1892 in Moscow. According to some reports, his death from a heart attack was preceded by a suicide attempt. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the family estate of the Shenshins.

Family

Father - Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Föth(Johann Peter Karl Wilhelm Föth) (1789-1826), assessor of the city court of Darmstadt, son of Johann Föth and Sibylla Mylens. After his first wife left him, in 1824 he married for the second time the teacher of his daughter Caroline. Died in February 1826. On November 7, 1823, Charlotte Elisabeth wrote a letter to her brother Ernst Becker in Darmstadt, in which she complained about her ex-husband Johann Peter Karl Wilhelm Feth, who frightened her and offered to adopt her son Athanasius if his debts were paid. On August 25, 1825, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker wrote a letter to her brother Ernst about how well Shenshin takes care of her son Afanasy: “no one will notice that this is not his natural child.” In March 1826, she again wrote to her brother that her first husband, who had died a month earlier, had not left her and the child any money: “to take revenge on me and Shenshin, he forgot his own child, disinherited him and put a stain on him... Try, if possible, to ask our dear father to help restore this child to his rights and honor; he should get a surname..." Then, in the next letter: "... It is very surprising to me that Fet forgot and did not recognize his son in his will. A person can make mistakes, but denying the laws of nature is a very big mistake. Apparently, before his death he was quite ill...”

Mother - Elizaveta Petrovna Shenshina, née Charlotte Elizabeth ( Charlotte Karlovna) Becker (1798-1844), daughter of the Darmstadt Ober-Kriegssar Karl-Wilhelm Becker (1766-1826) and his wife Henriette Gagern. On May 18, 1818, the marriage of 20-year-old Charlotte Elisabeth Becker and Johann Peter Karl Wilhelm Vöth took place in Darmstadt. In 1820, a 45-year-old Russian landowner, hereditary nobleman Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, came to Darmstadt for the waters and stayed in the Fetov house. A romance broke out between him and Charlotte-Elizabeth, despite the fact that the young woman was expecting her second child. On September 18, 1820, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin and Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker secretly left for Russia. On November 23 (December 5), 1820, in the village of Novoselki, Mtsensk district, Oryol province, Charlotte Elizabeth Becker had a son, who was baptized in the Orthodox rite on November 30 and named Athanasius. In the registry book he was recorded as the son of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. However, the couple got married only on September 4, 1822, after Charlotte Karlovna converted to Orthodoxy and began to be called Elizaveta Petrovna Fet. On November 30, 1820, Afanasy was baptized according to the Orthodox rite and was registered at birth (probably for a bribe) as the “legitimate” son of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin and Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker. In 1834, when Afanasy Shenshin was 14 years old, an “error” in the documents was discovered, and he was deprived of his surname, nobility and Russian citizenship and became “Hessendarmstadt subject Afanasy Fet.” In 1873, he officially regained his surname Shenshin, but continued to sign his literary works and translations with the surname Fet (with an “e”).

Stepfather - Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin(1775-1854), retired captain, wealthy Oryol landowner, Mtsensk district judge, son of Neofit Petrovich Shenshin (1750-1800s) and Anna Ivanovna Pryanishnikova. Mtsensk district leader of the nobility. At the beginning of 1820 he was treated in Darmstadt, where he met Charlotte Föth. In September 1820, he took her to Russia to his Novoselki estate in the Mtsensk district of the Oryol province, where two months later A. A. Fet was born. On September 4, 1822 they got married. Several more children were born in the marriage.

Sister - Karolina Petrovna Matveeva, nee Caroline-Charlotte-Georgina-Ernestina Föt (1819-1877), wife since 1844 of Alexander Pavlovich Matveev, whom she met in the summer of 1841 during her stay with her mother in Novosyolki. A.P. Matveev was the son of a neighboring landowner Pavel Vasilyevich Matveev, cousin of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. After several years of living together, he got together with another woman, and Caroline and her son went abroad, where they lived for many years, formally remaining married to Matveev. Around 1875, after the death of Matveev's second wife, she returned to her husband. She died in 1877, according to the Becker family tradition, she was murdered.

Half sister - Lyubov Afanasyevna Shenshina, nee Shenshin (05/25/1824-?), married to her distant relative Alexander Nikitich Shenshin (1819-1872).

Half brother - Vasily Afanasyevich Shenshin(10.21.1827-1860s), Oryol landowner, was married to Ekaterina Dmitrievna Mansurova, granddaughter of Novosilsk landowner Alexei Timofeevich Sergeev (1772-1853), cousin of V.P. Turgeneva. They left behind a daughter, Olga (1858-1942), married to Galakhova, who, after the death of her parents, remained under the tutelage of her uncle Ivan Petrovich Borisov, and after his death - Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. She was not only Fet’s niece, but was also a distant relative of I. S. Turgenev, becoming Spassky’s only heir after his death.

Half sister - Nadezhda Afanasyevna Borisova, nee Shenshina (09.11.1832-1869), married since January 1858 to Ivan Petrovich Borisov (1822-1871). Their only son Peter (1858-1888), after the death of his father, was raised in the family of A. A. Fet.

Half brother - Petr Afanasyevich Shenshin(1834-after 1875), went to Serbia in the fall of 1875 in order to volunteer in the Serbian-Turkish war, but soon returned to Vorobyovka. However, he soon left for America, where his traces were lost.

Half-siblings - Anna (1821-1825), Vasily (1823-before 1827), who died in childhood. Perhaps there was another sister Anna (7.11.1830-?).

Wife (from August 16 (28), 1857) - Maria Petrovna Shenshina, nee Botkina (1828-1894), from the Botkin family. Her brothers were guarantors during the wedding: Nikolai Petrovich Botkin - for the groom, and Vasily Petrovich Botkin - for the bride; In addition, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was the guarantor for the bride.

Creation

Being one of the most sophisticated lyricists, Fet amazed his contemporaries by the fact that this did not prevent him from being at the same time an extremely businesslike, enterprising and successful landowner.

A famous phrase written by Fet and included in “The Adventures of Pinocchio” by A. N. Tolstoy is “And the rose fell on Azor’s paw.”

Fet is a late romantic. Its three main themes are nature, love, art, united by the theme of beauty.

I came to you with greetings, to tell you that the sun has risen, that it trembled with hot light across the sheets.

Translations

• both parts of Goethe's Faust (1882-83),
• a number of Latin poets:

• Horace, all of whose works in Fetov's translation were published in 1883,
• satires of Juvenal (1885),
• poems of Catullus (1886),
• Elegies of Tibullus (1886),
• XV books of Ovid's Metamorphoses (1887),
• "Aeneid" by Virgil (1888),
• Elegies of Propertius (1888),
• satyrs Persia (1889) and
• Epigrams of Martial (1891).

Fet’s plans included a new translation of the Bible into Russian, since he considered the Synodal translation unsatisfactory, as well as “Critique of Pure Reason,” but N. Strakhov dissuaded Fet from translating this book by Kant, pointing out that a Russian translation of this book already exists. After this, Fet turned to translation