Recording historical events in chronological order. Regular recording of historical events - chronicles, testimonies and science chronology

Chronicles (from the Greek chronos - time) - a record of historical events in chronological order (see Chronology), one of the types of medieval historical works (Russian chronicles). Historical works of ancient, Western European and Russian historians were created based on materials from chronicles. They appeared in Ancient Egypt in the 3rd millennium BC. e. They contain information about life in Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Similar records existed among other peoples - the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Chinese.

In Ancient Greece, the chronicler E. Lesbosky in the last quarter of the 5th century. BC e. created the first chronicles of Attica, where he described the history of the people who inhabited this eastern peninsula in Central Greece, as well as other peoples known to him. Later, at the turn of the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. e., the Athenian chronicler Philochores wrote Athenian history, which contained a lot of important information not only about historical events, but also about Athenian cults, state institutions, etc.

The Egyptian priest Manetho compiled a chronicle in which he divided the history of the country into three parts: the Ancient, Middle and New Kingdoms - and described all 30 dynasties of the pharaohs. Scientists still use the Chronicle of Manetho (with some later additions).

From the chronicles - annals (from the Latin annus - year) the historical science of Ancient Rome developed. According to legend, from the middle of the 5th century. BC e. in Rome there were so-called tables of pontiffs. The High Priest placed a white board outside his house, on which he wrote down for public information the names of the consuls and the most important events of recent years. This was, as a rule, information about crop failures, epidemics, wars, omens, temple dedications, etc. In the 2nd century. BC e. By order of the Supreme Pontiff Publius Mucius Scaevola, all these records (by year), starting from the founding of Rome, were collected together and published in 80 books called “The Great Annals”.

Nestor the chronicler. Sculpture by M. M. Antokolsky.

Since early Roman historians processed materials from annals (official and family), they are usually called annalists. The oldest of them, Senator Fabius Pictor, described the history of Rome from 747 BC. e. until the Roman victory over Hannibal in 202 BC. e. Ancient authors noted the reliability of Pictor's notes.

The first annalists wrote in Greek. Later, the Roman politician and writer Cato the Elder (234-149 BC) published an essay “On Agriculture” written in Latin. It was a kind of milestone in the work of the annalists: Latin became the language of historical research. At the same time, the Greek chronicle tradition continued to develop. Thus, Apollodorus of Athens wrote a chronicle in four books, covering the period from the fall of Troy (1184-1183 BC) to 120-119. BC e.

In the 4th century. n. e. Christian “world chronicles” appeared. The first of them is the chronicle of the Roman church writer, Bishop of Caesarea (Palestine) Eusebius of Caesarea, covering the history of the Mediterranean countries starting from the “creation of the world.” Chronicle of Eusebius of Caesarea at the beginning of the 5th century. was translated into Latin and supplemented with new information by the Greek theologian Jerome the Blessed. Thus, the chronicle served as a kind of bridge connecting the history of the ancient Mediterranean with the history of feudal Europe.

In the early Middle Ages, in conditions of feudal fragmentation, chronicles (in Latin) were composed mainly by monks in monasteries and at the courts of large feudal lords. As centralized states emerged, royal chronicles appeared, such as the Grand Chronicle of France, the Chronicle of Saint-Aublan in England, and the Royal Chronicle in Spain. From the 13th century the compilation of chronicles (mainly in national languages) is carried out by secular persons.

Of great interest among Western European chronicles of the late Middle Ages is Nicollo Machiavelli’s “History of Florence” (1532).

The most ancient chronicles in Rus' are known from the time of Prince Yaroslav the Wise. The oldest that has come down to us is “The Tale of Bygone Years” (1113), compiled in Kyiv by Nestor. Its text includes chronicles from the 11th century. and other sources. The Tale of Bygone Years connects the history of Rus' with world history and the history of the Slavs. Nestor paints with bright strokes the geography of Rus' and the routes of communication from Rus' to Byzantium, to Western Europe and Asia. With great knowledge of the matter, he describes the life of the ancient Slavs on the Dnieper in the 2nd-5th centuries, reports important information about Prince Kiy, about his journey to Constantinople and about his life on the Danube. The entire Slavic medieval world does not know of another historian who could reveal the life of Slavic tribes and states with such breadth and depth. “The Tale” forms the basis for most of the surviving chronicles of Ancient Rus'.

Later Russian chronicles contain a lot of valuable historical information of a historical, economic, cultural and ethnographic nature. The genre of historical chronicle has not lost its relevance today.

Recording historical events in chronological order

First letter "x"

Second letter "r"

Third letter "o"

The last letter of the letter is "a"

Answer for the question "Recording historical events in chronological order", 7 letters:
chronicle

Alternative crossword questions for the word chronicle

Non-fiction cinema

Film by Andrzej Wajda “... Love Cases”

Newspaper genre born from the Greek "time"

Newspaper and magazine genre

Documentary about current events

Presentation of events in their time sequence

The story of the Russian writer K. A. Fedin "Narovchatskaya..."

Definition of the word chronicle in dictionaries

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Chronicle is a fantastic film by Josh Trank. The film was shot in a found-footage style and marked Trank's directorial debut. The premiere took place in Russia on February 2, 2012, in the USA on February 3, 2012. Tagline: “What are you capable of?”

Examples of the use of the word chronicle in literature.

Akutagawa drew materials for his short stories from historical chronicler, medieval jokes and collections of ancient legends.

In addition to Malala, Panteley, at the instigation of Hilarion, also read chronicle George Amartol, that is, a sinner, a Byzantine monk who, like Malala, outlined the history of mankind starting from Adam, but with a special desire focused on stories about the great people of the pagan world, which attracted Pantelei.

Chronicle Amartola was replete with stories about terrible natural phenomena, earthquakes, heavenly signs, whirlwinds and storms sent to the earth for human sins.

With him, as with an equal, Cyril spent hours, interpreting Greek books, discussing the deeds of Alexander the Great, Omir’s legends, reading aloud chronicle Amartola and Russian chronicles, according to which the recent and already faded into oblivion of Kiev antiquity looked majestic and glorious, and the princes of Kyiv - Yaroslav, Svyatoslav, Oleg, Vladimir, the baptist of Rus', great and formidable.

The surname Balashov was found quite often, mostly in official chronicle.

Annals

ANNALS (Latin annales from annus - year) - a record of historical events in chronological order from year to year. The difference between history and history is that history provides a simple list of the most important events in their time sequence, while history illuminates the development of historical facts, their causal relationship and interdependence. Thus, A. are the original form of consolidating the historical past and can only serve as material for history in the modern sense of the word. A. existed among all ancient peoples - the Chinese, Egyptians, Jews, Chaldeans, Persians, etc. The oldest form of A. among the Romans is “Annales maximi” (Great A.). This was the name of the weather records of events, which were made on a white board exhibited in the Roman Forum by the “great pontifex” (high priest). According to legend, these “A.” burned during the fire of Rome at the beginning of the 4th century. before Christ era. Subsequently, many historical works in Rome were called A., although they were not always clothed in a dry chronicle form. In Greek. wrote in the 2nd century. before Christ era their dry chronicles, the first Roman “annalists” - leaders of the aristocracy, recorded the military exploits of their ancestors. Later, A. Cornelia Nepota Varro (see), Hortensia and others are mentioned; but especially important are those written in chronicle and at the same time artistic form “A.” Tacitus - I century. Christ era; This is, for the most part, the history of the Roman emperors that has come down to us from the death of Nero. Some Roman epic poems were also called A., for example. poem by Ennius, 2nd century. before Christ era (see), imbued with a clear tendency to praise the military valor of the aristocracy. Old Russian A. are chronicles (see). In modern times, the name "A." sometimes given to scientific journals (for example, a journal published by the All-Union Academy of Sciences). A. in a figurative sense - history (of the people, state, science, literature, etc.).

• - medieval chronicles, recording significant events by year. A. led monasteries from the 6th century. In the VIII-IX centuries. a. appeared, describing events on a state scale...

  The medieval world in terms, names and titles

• - weather record of events, chronicle, chronicle...

  Ancient world. Dictionary-reference book

• - the record means the most. events by year; characteristic of antiquity and cf. centuries form history production...

  Ancient world. encyclopedic Dictionary

• -, in other times, in front of the residence of the high priest in Rome, wooden boards were annually displayed on which the names of senior officials were written, the most important events were celebrated, for example, solar and lunar...

  Dictionary of Antiquity

• - ...

  Literary encyclopedia

• - ANNALS - weather records of events related to the life of a city or region of the country were already available to the Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Chinese, and ancient Greeks. The annals got their real name from the Romans...

  Dictionary of literary terms

• Political science. Dictionary.

• - the record means the most. events by year; characteristic of antiquity and cf. centuries form history works...

  Soviet historical encyclopedia

• - this is the name of historical chronicles that contain a weather record in chronological order of the main events - a city, a country or a state...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - recording of the most significant events by year...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - ancient Roman and medieval chronicles. In a broad sense - a record of the most significant events by year...

  Modern encyclopedia

• - ancient Roman and medieval chronicles. In a broad sense - a record of the most significant events by year...

  Large encyclopedic dictionary

• - ANNALS, -ov. Chronicle. In the annals of history...

  Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

• - pl., R....

  Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

• - annals pl. Recording the most significant historical events concisely and in chronological order as a type of chronicle...

  Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

• - ann "...

  Russian spelling dictionary

"Annals" in books

"Annals of Tishan Life"