Integrated and separate spelling not with adjectives. “Not” with all parts of speech How to spell not with words

As practice shows, the particle NOT raises the most questions. Its combined and separate writing with all parts of speech is studied throughout the entire school course. Let's look at some cases.

Verb

The verb is rightfully considered the most “moving” part of speech. We describe almost every action we take with its help. Integrated and separate writing begins to be studied in elementary school. This is explained by the fact that this rule is considered the simplest among other parts of speech. The main thing to remember is that a verb will only be written with NOT together in exceptional cases. As a rule, it is characterized only by separate writing.

To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to distinguish the verb from other groups of speech. Remember, he answers questions (inf.) what to do? (do?).

The particle is NOT used separately: NOT seen, NOT informed, DOES NOT speak.

In cases where a word cannot exist without this negative particle, we must turn it into a prefix and write it together.

For example: The boss was indignant about being late.

The weather had been violent since the evening.

There are few such words; they are considered exceptions to this simple rule.

Communion

This part of speech is sometimes called the verb form. But it is worth noting that combined and separate writing are strikingly different.

When the word we need with NOT is part of the phrase, in this case we will write it separately.

It is worth recalling the meaning of this term. A participial phrase in Russian is a separate definition expressed by a participle with words dependent on it.

For example: A wind that does not subside even for a minute would be very cold.

In this case, “not subsiding” (proverb) has with it words that are subordinate to it: “not for a minute.” We can say that in this

Now we can have no doubt that this word will be written with the particle NOT only separately.

Let's take another sentence as an example: “The unread magazine was lying on the table.”

In this case, the participle does not have any dependent words. It is a definition subordinate to the word "magazine". There is no revolution here, so we will write the participle together with the particle NOT.

Integrated and separate writing, therefore, depends on its presence or absence.

Participle

Quite often, when talking about our main action and using a verb for this purpose, we also talk about another, secondary one. In this case, we will turn to the gerund. This is exactly the function it has: to talk about the additional action of the main one.

This part of speech also causes difficulty with the use of the particle NOT. The combined and separate spelling will be similar to the verb spelling. That is, the gerund is written with NOT in most cases separately: without drawing, without writing, without having fun.

However, here too we will encounter exceptions. Firstly, these are the words that cannot be written without the particle NOT: indignantly, furiously.

Secondly, when two prefixes are combined in a word.

For example: unloving, unfinished, unfinished.

True, some linguists believe that this is one whole morpheme NEDO.

Noun

One of the most used and necessary parts of speech in our language. A noun helps us call objects by their proper names and makes our speech varied. It is thanks to him that the lexical composition of the entire Russian language is replenished. Combined and separate writing is regulated by several aspects.

Example: The enemy will never defeat us.

In this sentence, the word with NOT can be replaced with a similar synonymous word “enemy”. In this situation, the noun and the particle must be written together.

If the word cannot be used without NOT, let’s write them together: ignoramus, dunno, fable.

In order for a noun with this particle to be written separately, two conditions are necessary.

The first is the presence of opposition, which is performed using conjunctions ah, but and others.

For example: The boy told his parents a lie.

You need to be more careful when the opposition is not explicit, but only implied: It was not my mother who called on the phone. (And someone else). This is the second condition for separate writing.

The use of the particle NOT (combined and separate spelling) in nouns, adjectives and adverbs is very similar.

Conclusion

In this article, we looked at cases of spelling the particle NOT with some parts of speech. As we were able to notice, there is no single rule on this matter. Integrated and separate writing not with participles, as well as verbs, gerunds and other parts of speech are different. In order to use this particle correctly, you need to ask a question about the word. This will help determine which part of speech is currently being used. After this, we can easily apply the rule necessary for each case. The main thing is to remember that every rule has a number of exceptions.

if the adjective is not used without Not , For example: Not sloppy, Not molded, Not separated, Not conquerable;
If Not serves to form a new adjective, which can be replaced with a word or expression that is similar in meaning, for example: Not high(short), Not polite(rude). In this case Not is a prefix.
If the adjective contains the words Very , very , extremely , enough , absolutely and some others that enhance the degree of manifestation of the symptom, for example: It was very Not high fence; It was extremely Not polite answer.

NOT a negative particle and is written separately with adjectives:

if there is or is implied opposition, for example: The house was Not high and low; The answer was Not polite but rude;
if the adjective uses negative particles not far , not at all, not at all , For example: not far polite answer; not at all good mood;
if the adjective has dependent words with neither , For example: not to anyone interesting article, not at all difficult task.

NOT with short adjectives

Spelling Not with short adjectives, the meaning of which is the same as full ones, is subject to the same rules as spelling Not with full adjectives, for example: ceiling Not high(low); ceiling very short ; ceiling Not high and low; ceiling Not high(which one?).

Integrated and separate writing Not with short adjectives helps to distinguish in writing the meaning of what the writer wants to express, for example: story uninteresting (quite boring) - story Not interesting(i.e. it cannot be said that it is boring, but it is not read with great interest); road not wide (quite narrow) - road Not wide a (i.e. it cannot be said that it is narrow, but not very wide).

Note
There is a small group of short adjectives with which Not always written separately. Such adjectives either do not have a full form or have a different meaning in their full form, for example: not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not ready, not needed, doesn’t agree, not obligated.

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"Not with different parts of speech" is one of the topics in the Russian language that always causes difficulties. And the point here is not so much the complexity of the topic itself, but the amount of information that needs to be remembered: for a noun, the rules used for a verb are not always suitable, but try Determining the combined and separate spelling of a participle by analogy with a verb is generally one of the biggest mistakes! What should you do to be confident in your knowledge and not make mistakes?

Particle and prefix

First you need to clearly delimit the particle Not and prefix Not-. The particle is always written separately, but the prefix is highlighted with the corresponding sign during the morphemic analysis of the word and is its structural part. Based on this, a general rule is built: Not with different parts of speech is written together if the given word is without Not just not used ( hate, bad weather, invincible, unexpected etc.). Finding such words in a text is not at all difficult, so there are usually no difficulties with them.

Spelling with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

Nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -O (cold, fast). Spelling particles Not In this case, it completely coincides with different parts of speech.

So, Not written separately:

If there is a contrast with the union A (not hot, but cold; not a friend, but an enemy; not fresh, but stale).
With words not at all, far away (not at all cautious; not cold at all; far from easy).
With double negative ( It’s not new to anyone; news that's not interesting to anyone).
When negating two signs in a row ( not high and not low).

Continuous writing Not- with different parts of speech is possible in two cases:

If you can find a synonym without Not- (foe - enemy, close - close, a little - little).
If the conjunction is used But in combinations like shallow but fast. Union But is adversative, however, unlike the conjunction A it may not mean opposition, but a comparison of non-mutually exclusive features.

Communion

We continue to study the spelling of particles Not with different parts of speech. The rule regarding the sacrament can easily be called one of the most controversial, because it is with it that the greatest difficulties usually arise. But let's try to figure it out.

Together Not- It is written with the participle in such cases:

If there is no dependent word ( wet grass; unfinished task).
If there is no opposition ( unread book; unpublished manuscript).
With adverbs of measure and degree very, extremely, absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, completely, quite (extremely rash decision; almost undisturbed order).
If the participle is formed from a verb with the prefix under- (misunderstood, unwashed).

With separate writing Not It's also easy to figure out:

If there is a dependent word ( an essay not written (how?) on time; student who didn’t come (when?) today).
If there is a contrast ( not a fictional story, but a real one).
If the participle has a short form ( the story is not made up, the book has not been read).

Only separately!

There are several situations in which only separate writing is possible Not with different parts of speech. Some of them are original rules and are memorized by children in elementary school, while others are practically never encountered.

With words that are written with a hyphen ( not friendly, not south-eastern).
With adjectives in the comparative degree ( no better, no worse).
With relative, possessive adjectives, as well as adjectives of taste and color ( not winter; not my mother's; not black).
With numerals ( not one, not the second).
With verbs ( didn't go, couldn't).
With participles ( without knowing how, without thinking).
With function words: prepositions and particles ( not only, not with him, not because of him).

In addition to the fourth point: it is very important not to confuse the participle and the adjective, because in the case of a short adjective, the spelling Not will obey different rules. Compare: the girl is talented and educated And group formed. In the first case, the fact that the word educated is an adjective, indicates a nearby word of the same part of speech, and besides, the meaning is clear that this is not a gerund (the girl was not educated, but she is smart). In the second situation, it is clear that someone created the group, formed it, i.e. it educated. Consequently, different spellings are due Not different parts of speech, which include homonymous words.

Pronouns

Talking about spelling Not with different parts of speech, let’s focus on personal and negative pronouns. In the case of them, everything is very simple: if there is a preposition, it is written separately ( no one with), if it is not there - together ( once).

Under- And not up to

One of the most difficult points of this rule is the spelling of verbs with the prefix under- and verbs with a particle Not and prefix to-. This means words like malnourished And don't finish eating, which at first glance are absolutely identical, but from a grammatical point of view should be written differently.

Prefix under- denotes a completed action, the result of which does not correspond to the norm (some linguists say that any word with this prefix means something bad): undernourish (eat little), underestimate (not value highly enough), understate (hide the truth).

In turn, the particle and prefix characterize the interrupted action: not finish eating (not having time to finish the meal), not finishing (not finishing the speech), not swimming (not finishing the swim).

At first glance, everything is not so complicated, but sometimes situations arise when choosing between two options is not easy.

Not against neither

Another controversial topic is "Spelling Not And neither with different parts of speech." Fortunately, there are not many nuances here, so it won’t be difficult to understand the rules.

Particle Not used for:

Expressions of negation ( I don't understand, not mine).
Under stress in pronouns ( no one, no time).

Then as a particle neither:

Strengthens denial ( there was no light or house visible)
Used without stress in pronouns ( no one, never)
Used in complex sentences to strengthen a statement ( wherever we went, we were greeted joyfully).

In principle, everything is not so difficult, some tasks of this kind are performed exclusively at the level of intuition, but still, knowledge of the theory can significantly facilitate the task.

We repeat

In order to consolidate the rule, it is better to repeat all the material. It is important to understand what combinations are formed with Not different parts of speech. The table will help you remember all the most important things.

		Separately
Nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -O	1. Synonym without Not- 2. Not used without Not-	1. Contrast with union A 2. Not at all, not at all, far from it 3. Double negative
Participles	1. Without a dependent word	1. With adverbs of measure and degree 2. With a dependent word
Other parts of speech		1. With words that are written with a hyphen 2. With verbs and gerunds 3. With short participles 4. With possessive, relative adjectives, color adjectives 5. With numerals 6. With function words

Conclusion

In principle, this is where we can end the conversation about spelling Not with different parts of speech. This rule includes many subparagraphs, each of which is divided into several others - you really have to remember a lot. But, on the other hand, here and there there are overlapping points, thanks to which, of course, it will be much easier to understand. The main thing is desire, patience and practice, and the rest will come on its own.

Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Integrated/separate writing is not

Integrated/separate writing Not

Introductory remarks. With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in ?O, full forms of participles Not can be written both together and separately (except for the cases specified in § 145). § 147 gives the conditions that reveal a particle Not (separate writing Not ) in combination with nouns, adjectives and adverbs, in § 148 - conditions that reveal the prefix Not- (continuous spelling Not ) in the same parts of speech. A special rule (§ 150) concerns combined and separate writing Not with full forms of participles.

§ 147. ?O negation Not is written separately in the following cases.

1. As part of structures with opposition: not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(cf. He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(cf. His dislike for animals);

Not a good person, but rather a bad one(cf. He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(cf. Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(cf. Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher;

You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..

The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A, eg: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; Not a pleasant one - a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He acts not more energetically - more fussy.

Note. Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, eg: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; An inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.

2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:

a) with words not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all, eg: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's not any prettier than his sister;

c) with the union neither... nor, eg: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.

Note. Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize the affirmative meaning (see § 148, paragraph 4).

3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...

§ 148. With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ?O negation Not is written seamlessly in the following cases.

1. If the word is Not can be replaced with a word close in meaning without Not . This possibility suggests that Not - a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult) not close(far), a lot(many).

2. If nouns and adjectives are combined with Not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena, for example: non-doctors, non-French, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries.

3. If before a noun with Not there is a definition or preposition. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I’m dozing on the balls, / Before them, a deadly reluctance(Gr.).

4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb ?O there are words very, extremely, quite, extremely, clearly, quite (quite), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently- words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, for example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely incomprehensibly and unsatisfactorily, very outstanding, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, extremely unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.

Note. However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used both in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately (strengthening the negation, see § 147, paragraph 2). Wed, for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).

5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs, for example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, eg: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.

Note. From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix ?e And ?she(eg. not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix ?her(eg. weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.

However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).

§ 149. In all other cases (not regulated by § 147-148), in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize a negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish a particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible in meaning in a given context.

If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc., see § 147), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; The weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough etc., see § 148, paragraph 4), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; The weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.

Note. Unlike participles (see § 150), with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen the negation, see § 147, paragraph 2) writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of the fact that? he wants to express: negation of the attribute - and then write Not separately from the following word (eg: he is not healthy, not important, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (cf.: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is insignificant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.

§ 150. Not is written separately:

a) if they have dependent words, for example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition (see § 147, paragraph 1) or constructions that enhance negation (see § 147, paragraph 2), for example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all reassured, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never depressed, not loved by anyone.

Negation with full forms of participles Not written together:

a) in the absence of dependent words, for example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, non-working pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;

b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement (see § 148, paragraph 4), for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.

From the book Modern Russian Language. Practical guide author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

6.86. Spelling of prepositions, conjunctions and particles; spelling complex prepositions and prepositional combinations; spelling of conjunctions but, also, too, so that, in contrast to combinations for that, the same, the same, that would; separate and hyphenated spelling of particles; separation of particles is not and neither

From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 56. Continuous writing of adverbs 1. Adverbs formed by combining a prefix-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: absolutely, forever, the day after tomorrow. Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words should be distinguished from similar words,

From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

From the book The Complete Encyclopedia of Our Misconceptions author

§ 60. Integrated and separate writing of prepositions and prepositional combinations 1. Prepositions are written together: in view of, instead of, like, as a result of, like, about, over, for example: in view of possible complications (but: in mind of the city, to mean), like deep trenches (but: in the Artamonov family),

From the book The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Misconceptions [with illustrations] author Mazurkevich Sergei Alexandrovich

§ 61. Continuous writing of conjunctions 1. The conjunction so is written together, in contrast to the combination of the pronoun that with the particle would; in the latter case, the particle could be rearranged to another place in the sentence. For example: a) The editor met with the author to (in order to) agree

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Reference author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

§ 62. Separate writing of conjunctions 1. Explanatory conjunctions are written separately (without a hyphen), that is, that is, for example: They drank as usual, that is, a lot (Pushkin); On the third day, that is, last week, I told the headman... (Sleptsov).2. Complex conjunctions are written separately because

From the author's book

§ 63. Separate writing of particles 1. Particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) are written separately, for example: would have done, if, if, however, however, that’s what you are, barely whether, always. Note. The rule does not apply to cases where the specified particles are included in the composition

From the author's book

§ 56. Continuous writing of adverbs 1. Adverbs formed by combining a preposition-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: absolutely, forever, the day after tomorrow. Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words should be distinguished from similar words.

From the author's book

§ 58. Separate writing of adverbial combinations 1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately, for example: side by side, face to face (by analogy: one to one).2. Adverbial expressions are written separately with

From the author's book

§ 61. Continuous writing of conjunctions 1. The conjunction so is written together, in contrast to the combination that would (pronoun and particle), for example: The editor met with the author and (in order) to agree on the changes made to the manuscript; It is important that people understand this; but: What? I wish there was more of this

From the author's book

§ 62. Separate writing of conjunctions Conjunctions are written separately because, since, so that, in order that, whereas, that is, that is, as if, thereby, all the more so, and not that, all the more, etc. , for example: And the dogs fell silent because no one bothered them; He looked as if

From the author's book

§ 63. Separate writing of particles 1. Particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) are written separately, for example: would have done, if, if, however, however, that’s what you are, barely whether, always. Note. For writing conjunctions so and also, see § 61, paragraphs. 1, 2.2. Particles are written separately, after all, they say

From the author's book

Separate meals Separate meals have recently become very popular, especially after the statements of Alla Pugacheva, Philip Kirkorov and some other pop stars that they prefer it. According to them, it is this power system

From the author's book

Continuous writing is not § 145. Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word, negation is not written together in the following cases.1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word,

From the author's book

Separate writing is not § 146. Negation is not written separately in the following cases:1. With all forms of verbs (except for full participles; about them see § 150): a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don’t know, don’t know, don’t know, didn’t know, didn’t know, don’t rush, don’t rush, don’t

Integrated or separate spelling NOT with nouns.

It is written smoothly

Written separately

1. If the word is not used without NOT:

fable, bad weather, ignoramus

2. If a word with NOT can be replaced by a synonym without NOT:

foe - enemy, untruth - lie

If there is or is implied opposition:

Not the truth, but a lie.

Integrated or separate spelling NOT with adjectives.

It is written together:

If a word is not used without NOT

insatiable, clumsy, insatiable, absurd

If there is no opposition and you can choose a synonym without NOT

A small river, i.e. small

Uninteresting concert, i.e. boring

A low house, i.e. short

If there is a meaning of adhesion rather than opposition

The river is not wide, but (= and) deep.

The novel is short, but (= and) interesting

If the adjective is used with adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely, completely, extremely, very, extremely, almost

An absolutely uninteresting concert.

Completely unimportant document

Presence of a dependent word no effect on spelling NOT with adjectives

Written separately:

Rules

Examples

If there is or is implied opposition

The river is not deep, but shallow.

The concert is not interesting, but boring.

The house is not high, but low

If the negation is strengthened by negative pronouns or particles

A student who is NOT like anyone else

With comparative degree of adjectives

No worse and no better than others. No more and no less

Not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not obliged, not ready, not needed, does not agree, does not intend, is not right, not like, not much

The same rules apply in both cases when writing NOT with short adjectives:

the river is not deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is absolutely shallow, the river is not deep but shallow, etc.

Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with verbs.

The particle NOT with verbs is written separately.

For example: if you don’t teach, don’t speak, won’t be silent, wouldn’t play.

Exception: the particle NOT is written together with verbs that are not used without NOT.

For example: to dislike, to be unwell, to hate, to be indignant, to be perplexed, to be in bondage.

In verbs, one should distinguish between the prefix NEDO- and the particle with the prefix NOT DO-.

UNDO is used in the meaning of “little”, NOT DO – in the meaning of “not completing the action.”

UNDO—

(meaning “little”, antonym PERE-)

Deficiency value:

It is IMPOSSIBLE to complete the action!

NOT TO-

(meaning “did not complete”).

Incomplete action value:

it is POSSIBLE to complete the action!

malnourished(to starve) – antonym: to overeat

neglect the patient(you can’t keep an eye on the patient)

neglect the child(You cannot supervise the child)

don't finish the soup because you're in a hurry(you can eat it later)

don't watch the show(you can watch it next time)

didn't finish watching the movie(you can go back and watch it)

1) Verb “to lack”(meaning “to be absent in the required quantity”) is written with NOT together, because UNDO- is a prefix. Also UNDER- is written together in the stable expression “This was still missing!”

This family was constantly short of money.

The landscape lacked color.

The boy did NOT reach the shelf. (NOT written separately, because the action may be completed).

2) There are verbs with the prefix DO- that are not used without the particle NOT:

dislike, underestimate, misunderstand, mishear.

Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with participles and verbal adjectives.

raal100.narod.ru

Spelling NOT with parts of speech

Continuous and separate writing NOT with different parts of speech is included in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language for grade 11 (task 12).

Continuous or separate spelling does NOT depend on the part of speech of the word that comes after NOT.

Spelling NOT with verbs and gerunds

NOT with verbs is always written separately except when:

a verb without NOT is not used (to hate, be indignant, etc.);
the verb begins with the prefix NEDO-, which has the meaning of “lack”, “lack” (lack, overlook, etc.).

Spelling NOT with nouns

Spelling NOT with nouns is checked using the following algorithm:

If a noun without NOT is not used, then NOT is written together with the noun (ignorance, etc.).
If:
- there is a contrast with the conjunction A (not the truth, but a lie);
- there are dependent words FAR, AT ALL, FROM NOT (not true at all);
If you can find a synonym without NOT, then NOT is written together with the noun (distrust, untruth, etc.).
In all other cases, NOT is written separately with nouns (not a tree, not a cat, etc.).

Spelling NOT with adjectives

The spelling of quality adjectives is checked using the following algorithm:

If an adjective without NOT is not used, then NOT is written together with the adjective (ridiculous, etc.).
If an adjective is in a comparative or superlative degree, it is always written separately from NOT (not smarter, not better, etc.).
If:
- there is a contrast with the conjunction A (not smart, but stupid);
- there are dependent words FAR, AT ALL, NOT and words with NO (far from smart, not at all smart, etc.);
In other cases, a qualitative adjective is written together with NOT (stupid).

Relative and possessive adjectives are always written separately from NOT (not iron, not mother, etc.)

Spelling NOT with participles and verbal adjectives

Spelling NOT with participles and verbal adjectives is checked using the algorithm:

If a participle or verbal adjective is not used without NOT, then it is written together with NOT (indignant, etc.)
If the participle or verbal adjective is short, then with NOT is written separately (not washed, not seeded, etc.)
there is a contrast with the conjunction A (not washed, but only soaked dishes);
this is not a participle ending in -MY and is a dependent word (the dishes were not washed today);

then the participle or verbal adjective is written separately from NOT.

If the participle ends in -MY and has a dependent word:
- in the instrumental case without a preposition (not my favorite);
- FAR, NOT AT ALL, NOT (not loved at all);
- words with NI (not at all loved);
then NOT with the participle is written separately. In other cases, NOT with the participle ending in -MY is written together (unloved at work).
In other cases, NOT is written together with participles and verbal adjectives (unwashed, etc.).

Spelling NOT with adverbs

If an adverb is not used without NOT, then it is written together (by chance, etc.).

Adverbs formed from qualitative adjectives using the suffixes -O and -E are written according to the same rules as qualitative adjectives (see section Spelling not with adjectives).

Negative adverbs are written together with NOT (once, never, nowhere, etc.). All other adverbs are written separately from NOT (not seriously, etc.).

Spelling NOT with numerals

Numerals are always written separately from NOT (not third, not two, etc.).

Spelling NOT with pronouns

Negative and indefinite pronouns without prepositions are always written together with NOT (newhere, nowhere, etc.). Pronouns with prepositions are always written separately from NOT (no one, no one, etc.).

All other pronouns are always written separately from NOT (not everyone, etc.).

Spelling NOT with derived prepositions

NOT always written together with derived prepositions (despite, despite, etc.).

Other cases of writing NOT with parts of speech

Hyphenated words are always written separately from NOT (not in Russian, etc.).

Words with NOT are written separately: don’t, don’t need, not ready, couldn’t, shouldn’t, wasn’t, not much, not glad, not sorry.

Educational and methodological manual

Particle “not” with different parts of speech

Kiryakova Marina Viktorovna
GBOU No. 513 St. Petersburg

The manual is addressed to students who have difficulty choosing the combined and separate spelling of words of different parts of speech with NOT.

The manual contains theoretical material, a summary table that is easy to use when completing tasks, and the tasks themselves.

Theoretical material

If a word is not used without NOT, then it and the words derived from it are written together with NOT.

Spelling NOT with adjectives, nouns and adverbs in o/e

When starting to work on the task, you must remember that a particle written separately from the word does NOT express negation. For example, not red, not green - this is a negation of color, and not an indication that it is another specific color, not a notebook, not a house does not tell us about a different meaning of the word, but only denies that these objects belong to the house or notebook. If you choose a combined spelling with NOT, then in most cases we are talking about a new meaning of the word (synonym). For example, foe means enemy low means low bad means bad. This is a fundamental difference when choosing a combined and separate spelling of words with NOT.

Important to remember! If you use negative words far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, then in this case the writing will be separate. For example, not an interesting story , that is, there is no new meaning in this expression, as there would be if you simply said uninteresting story (i.e. boring)

In the event that the phrase contains an adversative conjunction A, that sentence contains a negation (of a sign, object or quality), and accordingly is NOT written separately. For example, he is not my friend, but my enemy; the building is not tall, but squat.

Of course, this does not exhaust all cases of using the NOT particle. What was discussed above applies to nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in o/e, although there are exceptions (see table)

Spelling NOT with verbs, gerunds and numerals

With verbs, gerunds and numerals, NOT is always written separately, except in cases where the word is not used without NOT. For example, not read, not reading, not alone, but hating, hating.

When the particle NOT is used twice with verbs, the opposite effect occurs; instead of negation, NOT expresses the need for action.

For example, I can’t help but say, I can’t help but agree, I can’t help but admit , i.e. the meaning of these expressions I must say, I must agree, I must confess.

Important!

It is necessary to distinguish between the prefix NOT and the prefix NEDO, which indicates a deficiency in the norm. For example, the baby didn't finish his porridge (negation of action, therefore written separately). During the Siege, people were malnourished (written together, since there was not enough food, the prefix NEDO is used here).

Spelling NOT with participles

Single participles are written with NOT together. For example, unfinished business, unread manuscript bird.

If the participle contains an explanatory word (with the exception of words denoting the degree of quality), then the participle with NOT is written separately; if words like extremely, completely, completely (adverbs of measure and degree) are given as an explanatory word, then the participles are usually written with NOT together. For example, completely inappropriate way out.

Spelling NOT with pronouns and pronominal adverbs

Difficulty in writing NOT with this part of speech usually occurs when using negative and indefinite pronouns; in this case, we must remember that in 99% of cases they are written together with NOT, unless there is a preposition. For example, someone, nothing, no time.

If there is a preposition, then they are written in three words. For example, no one, nothing to talk about.

It is NOT written separately with pronouns of other categories. For example, not me, not everyone, not like that.

"Not with different parts of speech"

“Not” with different parts of speech.
Together or separately?

In order for students to understand and successfully master a new spelling topic, the teacher must first of all show the internal logic of the laws of Russian spelling, make these laws understandable, familiar and simple. The means may vary. This is especially true for the moments of practicing and consolidating new knowledge. Tables (ready-made or thought out by the teacher, “tortured” by him - and therefore the best), algorithms, entertaining and educational tasks, and games are also suitable here.

Visualization and “entertainment” should not be neglected in high school, so that Russian language lessons do not turn into a dreary repetition of what was supposedly studied in the 6th and 7th grades, but is completely forgotten by the majority, and is perceived by many simply as a new revelation .

I. Didactic material from various manuals helps the teacher when studying and repeating the topic « Not with different parts of speech." The main writing principle that schoolchildren must learn here is:

Particle Not , written separately, expresses the negation of a sign or action.

Prefix Not-, written together, it only says that the object has the opposite quality, sign or effect.

Based on this principle, you can combine numerous rules into simple schemes:

Particle Not written separately:

– with verbs (wasn't) with gerunds (slowly) with numerals (more than once) and also with short adjectives with a hint of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want);

– with all words, if they have or are implied contrast with union A (Not deep, A small river), as well as with intensification denial words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all (not at all happy faces);

– with adjectives in comparative degree (not thinner);

– in words with prepositions (Not with whom, Not in spirit Not for whom, Not in force).

Not written together:

- in words that are without Not not used (Not vezha, Not conquerable);

– in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced with a synonym (Not friend - enemy, very Not healthy look - very sick look, Not healthy – sick);

– in verbal adjectives —washed (Not dependent);

– in indefinite pronouns (Not Who, Not What, Not which);

– in verbs with a prefix under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, lack of action (under do , under evaluate).

The same writing principle applies to participles:

Full participles with a particle Not are written separately, if there is

– dependent word: Not repaid nobody lights;

– contrast with union a: no repaid, A lit lights.

Not with participles -my written separately, if available dependent word in creative case: Not visible(adv.) eye, But invisible(adj.) tears to the world.

If there is no dependent word or contrast with a conjunction A, then the particle Not is written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the fog.

WITH short participles particle Not is written always separately: lights Not repaid.

II. You can present these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).

Not with different parts of speech

1. Not to be used without Not-:

sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous

2. Can be replaced with a synonym without Not-:

3. In negative adverbs:

1. There is a contrast:

2. Denial is strengthened by words.

far, not at all, not at all, never:

3. With adverbs not on -o, -e:

After Not And neither no preposition:

After Not And neither there is a preposition:

Not noticing(gerund)

There is no dependent word or opposition:

1. There is a dependent word:

Not finished during Job

2. There is a contrast:

Not finished, A work started

3. With short participles:

Job Not finished

III. Words that are without Not are not used.

overlook (behind the child)

IV. Simplified version of the rules:

V. We work with algorithms.

VI. Developmental tasks.

1. Reaction speed task(good to do after a long time of writing). The teacher reads the phrases, calling out their serial number, and the students write down only the numbers in two columns: together Not- and separately Not

1) unfulfilled order;

2) the forest is not coniferous;

3) an indignant look;

4) the windows are not washed;

5) not happy about the meeting;

7) he is not feeling well;

8) the ring is not gold;

9) not easy to decide;

10) is far from an easy matter;

11) very carelessly;

12) unmown meadow;

13) without looking around;

14) despite the circumstances.

Answer is written like this:

together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;

separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.

2. Attention task which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.

Write down only the numbers adjectives, who are without Not not used:

1) unfinished novel;

Now remember the rest of the words from the list that Not are always written together (training auditory memory).

3. Determine by ear whether it is Not part of the root of a noun or a prefix without which the word cannot be used:

4. Choose synonyms for the words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, unhappiness, independence. Now remember and write next to the noun with Not, which was dictated to you.

5. Choose antonyms with Not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery – . opponent - . concentration - . dirty - . careful – . close - . lie - . low – .

6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with Not together:

not to grab, not to dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,

not to hear, to be perplexed, to be tender, to bask.

How do you write Not with a verb in sentences:

I'm missing 100 rubles

Am I missing 100 thousand?

7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (jointly and separately):

not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,

not to do, not to do, to be indignant, to be perplexed,

not to notice, not to notice, to rage,

don’t ask, don’t ask, (he) isn’t feeling well,

itching, to overlook (someone).

From what verbs is it impossible to form gerunds?

(After completing the last two exercises, the children have in their notebooks a list of almost all verbs and gerunds that, without Not are not used).

VII. Exercise to restore deformed text for consolidation.

Correct any mistakes made in the text.

And since their corner was almost deserted, there was nowhere to get the latest news about what was happening in this world: the transporters with wooden utensils lived only twenty miles away and knew little more than them. There was nothing even to compare their lives with: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.

Happy people lived thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be any other way, confident that everyone else lived exactly the same way and that living differently was a sin.

In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, not one has died, let alone a violent death, or even a natural death.

And if someone died from an old age or from some long-standing illness and fell into eternal sleep, then for a long time afterward they could not bear such an unusual case.

Once, however, he was found lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, near the bridge, apparently, a man who had lagged behind the passing artel.

The men did not dare to come close. The passer-by made a movement to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.

And everyone went to the village, telling the old people that the person lying there was not from here, and was not saying anything.

“Not from here, don’t touch it!” - said the old people .

VIII. Write a dictation.

The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. Wrong trees, wrong swamps, wrong grass. Some strange flowers are visible, they weren’t there before. And instead of a road there is an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had fallen through the ground. The sun has set. But they were not at all ready for sunset. The darkness in the forest was pitch-black, but they were walking straight ahead, not making out the road, and it was impossible to make out. They saw no more of each other. Suddenly Kolya became wary and shuddered. A long, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them uncontrollably through stumps, swamps, and bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustling of the rain. Both were trembling and rubbing their hands on their knees as they walked.

(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)

1. Bogdanova G.A."Russian language lessons in 8th grade."

2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards A, step by step."

3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Support diagrams. Exercises. M., 2005.

Spelling NOT and NOR

Spelling NOT and NOR.

Spelling is not and neither with different parts of speech.

The rule is divided into two parts:

continuous or separate writing NOT with all parts of speech;

difference between NOT and NOR

Rule.

Integrated and separate writing NOT (the picture can be enlarged by clicking on it)

Distinguish!

Depending on conditions

insincerity = hypocrisy, unpopular = little known

not caution, but cowardice

not difficult to do (=easy)

2. in negative adverbs:

nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no need

3. No wonder = not in vain

lives not close, but far

2. Adverbs not ending in –O, -E:

3. Not for nothing = not free

NOT/NOR + who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which

not yours, not me, not everyone

2. Negative and indefinite, if there is a preposition between them:

no one, no need

In combination with adverbs of measure and degree:

absolutely unfinished task

a letter he didn't write

our least favorite dishes

despite his illness, he went for a walk

walked without looking at his feet

Difference between NOT and NOR

In a simple sentence

I don't want milk, a nation that doesn't read books

I don't want milk or tea

neither two nor one and a half

neither alive nor dead

no end no end

neither fish nor fowl

out of the blue

neither light nor dawn

I can't help but come in

Who haven't I met!

In a complex sentence, with the words where, where, how, when, what, who, how many NOT/NOR:

The attendant marked everyone who did NOT show up.

The duty officer marked everyone who came to him

more than once (many times)

none other than…

nothing more than...

never (=never)

through thick and thin

wherever

out of nowhere

as it were

no way

Parsing algorithm.

1. Identify the part of speech.

2. See if there are words in the sentence that are NOT always written separately.

3. Pay attention to whether there is a prefix NEDO- or a combination NOT DO-.

4. Regarding parts of speech, remember the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence is NOT written SEPARATELY with the word?

1) He lacks experience and (doesn’t) have enough patience.

2) Our country is (in)dependent.

3) Somehow they immediately (dis)loved him.

4) We stopped at a site that was not at all suitable for construction.

Option #1.

(Not) enough– verb with NOT (TO)-. Removing NOT-: he has enough patience. You can’t say that, it means it can’t be used without NOT. Write together!

Option #2.

(NOT)dependent – This is a short participle with the suffix –IM. The sentence does not have a dependent word in the instrumental case, which means we are NOT writing together.

Option #3.

(Not) fell in love– without NOT not used. Write together.

Option number 4.

(Un)suitable- an adjective, but there is NOTHING in the text. Write separately.

Thus, The correct answer is option No. 4.

Practice.

1. In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?

1) It so happened that I (didn’t) have anyone to tell about my doubts.

2) At first everyone was silent, thinking about how to start a conversation in such an (un)usual environment.

3) The room was (not) lit, so it was difficult to distinguish the faces of the people sitting opposite.

4) But they say you are (un)people: in the wilderness, in the village, everything is boring for you.

2. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place E is written?

Today we (1) are only (2) improving the methods of teaching the epistolary genre, but we are also losing, how sad it is (3) past.

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1, 2

3. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place I is written?

The worse someone’s character, the more he shouts and grumbles at people: he (1) sees the good ones, where he (2) turns, and he is the first to (3) with whom he (4) gets along.

Seal

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