Bulgakov life and work summary. Interesting biography of Mikhail Bulgakov: briefly the most important things

Everyone knows M. A. Bulgakov as a famous writer and playwright. But not many people realize that in addition to this, he was also an actor and even a producer. This article presents you with his short biography.

Bulgakov is a native of He was born in Kyiv in May 1891. Mikhail grew up surrounded by six other brothers and sisters.

Short biography. Bulgakov

Mikhail Bulgakov graduated from high school and then entered one of the Faculty of Medicine. In 1914, the First World War broke out, so after graduating from university, in 1916, he worked a little in field hospitals, after which he was sent to head the hospital, and a year later he was transferred to Vyazma. Some time later, Bulgakov reflected this period of his life in “Notes of a Young Doctor,” which was published in 1926.

Beginning in 1917, Bulgakov began to frequently use morphine. The reason for this is his fear of contracting diphtheria, since he saved a child suffering from this disease. After this, he begins to become addicted to the drug. Mikhail has been struggling with addiction for two years. In 1919, he was mobilized into the UPR troops, but a few days later he deserted. Later he becomes a doctor of the third Terek Cossack regiment.

Mikhail and creativity (briefly)

In 1920, Bulgakov began working as a journalist, and later was the head of the theater section. In 1922, he published his feuilletons, short stories and novellas. Some of his plays were staged in Moscow theaters.

In 1924, a novel called “The White Guard” was published, and a year later a collection of satirical stories called “Diaboliad” was published. At the same time, Bulgakov was working on the plays “Days of the Turbins” and “Zoyka’s Apartment.” Then he began writing the story “Heart of a Dog.” Performances of these works will take place on theater stages. And in 1934, a novel called “The Master and Margarita” was completed.

Brief biography: Bulgakov and his personal life

The writer was married three times. The first time was with Tatyana Lappa, with whom he had been married for 11 years. She became the prototype for Anna Kirillovna in a story called “Morphine.” As it turned out later, she had no acquaintances in literary circles, and Bulgakov left her after meeting a more promising lady in this regard, Lyubov Belozerskaya. During his marriage to her, Bulgakov completed a novel called “The White Guard.” He dedicated “The Heart of a Dog” and “The Cabal of the Saints” to her.

Four years after their marriage, Bulgakov and Belozerskaya began to have difficulties in their family life. And some time later, the writer meets Elena Shilovskaya, his third wife, who will later become the prototype of Margarita in the novel called “The Master and Margarita.” She also became the guardian of the writer's literary heritage after his death in 1940.

This article offers only a short biography. Bulgakov was a multifaceted and talented writer who left behind a huge literary heritage. We talked only about the main milestones of his life and work. Mikhail Bulgakov, whose brief biography actually takes up a very short period of time, died at a fairly young age, but his works will live forever.

Life and work of Bulgakov briefly described in this article

Bulgakov short biography by dates

Russian writer, playwright, theater director and actor. Author of novels and short stories, many feuilletons, plays, dramatizations, film scripts, opera librettos.

Was born May 15, 1891 in Kyiv in the large and friendly family of a professor, teacher at the Kyiv Theological Academy.

After graduating from the First Kyiv Gymnasium, Mikhail, continuing family traditions, entered the Faculty of Medicine at Kiev University.

IN 1913 year, the future writer married Tatyana Lappa.

in spring 1916 g. “a second-class militia warrior,” he was released from the university and went to work in one of the Kyiv hospitals. In the summer of the same year, the future writer received his first appointment and in the fall he arrived at a small zemstvo hospital in the Smolensk province, in the village of Nikolskoye. Here he began writing the book “Notes of a Young Doctor.”

IN 1918 he returned to Kyiv. At the end of August 1919, the Bolsheviks, leaving Kyiv, shot hundreds of hostages. Bulgakov, who had previously avoided mobilization by hook or by crook, retreated with the Whites. In February 1920, when the evacuation of the Volunteer Army began, he was struck down by typhus. Bulgakov woke up in Vladikavkaz, occupied by the Bolsheviks.

IN 1921 year he moved to Moscow, getting a job at the Gudok newspaper. At this time, Bulgakov wrote a lot, “bingely.”

WITH 1923 year he was enrolled in the Writers' Union. In 1925 he married L. E. Belozerskaya.

1924 — 1928 — Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich writes such books as “The Diaboliad”, “Fatal Eggs”, “Heart of a Dog” (1925), “The White Guard”, “Zoyka’s Apartment” (1926), “Crimson Island” (1927), “Running” (1928). And, of course, “The Master and Margarita,” on which he began working in 1928.

IN 1929 year there was a meeting with E. S. Shilovskaya, who since 1932 became the third and last wife of the writer. By 1930, many plays had ceased to be published and appeared on stage.

Bulgakov's relations with the Soviet government were quite complex and ambiguous. Many of his works saw the light only under Stalin, who highly appreciated the work of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov.

The end of the 19th century was a complex and contradictory time. It is not surprising that it was in 1891 that one of the most mysterious Russian writers was born. We are talking about Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov - director, playwright, mystic, author of scripts and opera librettos. Bulgakov's story is no less fascinating than his work, and the Literaguru team takes the liberty to prove it.

Birthday of M.A. Bulgakov - May 3 (15). The father of the future writer, Afanasy Ivanovich, was a professor at the Theological Academy of Kyiv. Mother, Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakova (Pokrovskaya), raised seven children: Mikhail, Vera, Nadezhda, Varvara, Nikolai, Ivan, Elena. The family often staged plays for which Mikhail composed plays. Since childhood, he loved plays, vaudeville, and space scenes.

Bulgakov's house was a favorite meeting place for the creative intelligentsia. His parents often invited famous friends who had a certain influence on the gifted boy Misha. He loved to listen to adult conversations and willingly participated in them.

Youth: education and early career

Bulgakov studied at gymnasium No. 1 in Kyiv. After graduating in 1901, he became a student at the Faculty of Medicine at Kyiv University. The choice of profession was influenced by the financial condition of the future writer: after the death of his father, Bulgakov took responsibility for a large family. His mother remarried. All the children, except Mikhail, remained on good terms with their stepfather. The eldest son wanted to be financially independent. He graduated from the university in 1916 and received a medical degree with honors.

During the First World War, Mikhail Bulgakov served as a field doctor for several months, then received a position in the village of Nikolskoye (Smolensk province). Then some stories were written, later included in the series “Notes of a Young Doctor.” Due to the routine of boring provincial life, Bulgakov began to use drugs, which were available to many representatives of his profession by occupation. He asked to be transferred to a new place so that his drug addiction would be hidden from others: in any other case, the doctor could be deprived of his diploma. A devoted wife, who secretly diluted the drug, helped him get rid of the misfortune. She did her best to force her husband to give up his bad habit.

In 1917, Mikhail Bulgakov received the position of head of departments of the Vyazemsk city zemstvo hospital. A year later, Bulgakov and his wife returned to Kyiv, where the writer was engaged in private medical practice. Dependence on morphine was defeated, but instead of drugs, Mikhail Bulgakov often drank alcohol.

Creation

At the end of 1918, Mikhail Bulgakov joined the officer corps. It is not established whether he was drafted as a military doctor, or whether he himself expressed a desire to become a member of the detachment. F. Keller, the deputy commander-in-chief, disbanded the troops, so he did not then participate in the fighting. But already in 1919 he was mobilized into the UPR army. Bulgakov escaped. Versions regarding the future fate of the writer differ: some witnesses claimed that he served in the Red Army, some that he did not leave Kyiv until the arrival of the Whites. It is reliably known that the writer was mobilized into the Volunteer Army (1919). At the same time, he published the feuilleton “Future Prospects.” The Kyiv events were reflected in the works “The Extraordinary Adventures of the Doctor” (1922), “The White Guard” (1924). It is worth noting that the writer chose literature as his main occupation in 1920: after completing his service in the Vladikavkaz hospital, he began writing for the newspaper “Caucasus”. Bulgakov's creative path was thorny: during the period of the struggle for power, an unfriendly statement addressed to one of the parties could end in death.

Genres, themes and issues

In the early twenties, Bulgakov wrote mainly works about the revolution, mainly plays, which were subsequently staged on the stage of the Vladikavkaz Revolutionary Committee. Since 1921, the writer lived in Moscow and worked in various newspapers and magazines. In addition to feuilletons, he published individual chapters of stories. For example, “Notes on Cuffs” was published on the pages of the Berlin newspaper “Nakanune”. Especially many essays and reports - 120 - were published in the newspaper "Gudok" (1922-1926). Bulgakov was a member of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, but his artistic world was not dependent on the ideology of the union: he wrote with great sympathy about the white movement and the tragic fate of the intelligentsia. His problems were much broader and richer than permitted. For example, the social responsibility of scientists for their inventions, satire on the new way of life in the country, etc.

In 1925, the play “Days of the Turbins” was written. She was a resounding success on the stage of the Moscow Art Academic Theater. Even Joseph Stalin appreciated the work, but still, in every thematic speech he focused on the anti-Soviet nature of Bulgakov’s plays. Soon the writer’s work was criticized. Over the next ten years, hundreds of scathing reviews were published. The play “Running” about the Civil War was banned from being staged: Bulgakov refused to make the text “ideologically correct.” In 1928-29 The performances “Zoyka’s Apartment”, “Days of the Turbins”, “Crimson Island” were excluded from the theaters’ repertoire.

But the emigrants studied with interest the key works of Bulgakov. He wrote about the role of science in human life, about the importance of correct attitude towards each other. In 1929, the writer was thinking about the future novel “The Master and Margarita”. A year later, the first edition of the manuscript appeared. Religious themes, criticism of Soviet realities - all this made the appearance of Bulgakov’s works on the pages of newspapers impossible. It is not surprising that the writer seriously thought about moving abroad. He even wrote a letter to the Government, in which he asked either to allow him to leave, or to give him the opportunity to work in peace. For the next six years, Mikhail Bulgakov was an assistant director at the Moscow Art Theater.

Philosophy

The most famous works give an idea of ​​the philosophy of the master of the printed word. For example, the story “The Diaboliad” (1922) describes the problem of “little people”, which the classics so often addressed. According to Bulgakov, bureaucracy and indifference are a real devilish force, and it is difficult to resist. The already mentioned novel “The White Guard” is largely autobiographical in nature. This is the biography of one family that finds itself in a difficult situation: Civil War, enemies, the need to choose. Some believed that Bulgakov was too loyal to the White Guards, others reproached the author for his loyalty to the Soviet regime.

The story “Fatal Eggs” (1924) tells the truly fantastic story of a scientist who accidentally bred a new species of reptiles. These creatures multiply continuously and soon fill the entire city. Some philologists argue that the image of Professor Persikov reflects the figures of the biologist Alexander Gurvich and the leader of the proletariat V.I. Lenin. Another famous story is “Heart of a Dog” (1925). Interestingly, it was officially published in the USSR only in 1987. At first glance, the plot is satirical: a professor transplants a human pituitary gland into a dog, and the dog Sharik becomes a human. But is he human?.. Someone sees in this story a prediction of future repressions.

Originality of style

The author's main trump card was mysticism, which he wove into realistic works. Thanks to this, critics could not directly accuse him of offending the feelings of the proletariat. The writer skillfully combined outright fiction and real socio-political problems. However, its fantastic elements are always an allegory for similar phenomena that actually occur.

For example, the novel “The Master and Margarita” combines a variety of genres: from parable to farce. Satan, who chose the name Woland for himself, one day arrives in Moscow. He meets people who are being punished for their sins. Alas, the only force of justice in Soviet Moscow is the devil, because officials and their henchmen are stupid, greedy and cruel to their own fellow citizens. They are the real evil. Against this backdrop, a love story unfolds between the talented Master (in fact, Maxim Gorky was called a master in the 1930s) and the brave Margarita. Only mystical intervention saved the creators from certain death in a madhouse. For obvious reasons, the novel was published after Bulgakov's death. The same fate awaited the unfinished “Theatrical Novel” about the world of writers and theatergoers (1936-37) and, for example, the play “Ivan Vasilyevich” (1936), the film based on which is still watched to this day.

Writer's character

Friends and acquaintances considered Bulgakov both charming and very modest. The writer was always polite and knew how to step into the shadows in time. He had a talent for storytelling: when he managed to overcome his shyness, everyone present listened only to him. The author's character was based on the best qualities of the Russian intelligentsia: education, humanity, compassion and delicacy.

Bulgakov loved to joke, never envied anyone and never sought a better life. He was distinguished by sociability and secrecy, fearlessness and incorruptibility, strength of character and gullibility. Before his death, the writer said only one thing about the novel “The Master and Margarita”: “So that they know.” This is his meager description of his brilliant creation.

Personal life

1. While still a student, Mikhail Bulgakov married Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa. The family had to face a lack of funds. The writer’s first wife is the prototype of Anna Kirillovna (the story “Morphine”): selfless, wise, ready to support. It was she who pulled him out of the drug nightmare, and with her he went through the years of devastation and bloody strife of the Russian people. But a full-fledged family did not work out with her, because in those hungry years it was difficult to think about children. The wife suffered greatly from the need to have abortions, because of this, the Bulgakovs’ relationship began to crack.
2. So time would have passed if not for one evening: in 1924 Bulgakov was introduced Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya. She had connections in the world of literature, and it was not without her help that The White Guard was published. Love became not just a friend and comrade, like Tatyana, but also the writer’s muse. This is the writer’s second wife, the affair with whom was bright and passionate.
3. In 1929 he met Elena Shilovskaya. Subsequently, he admitted that he only loved this woman. At the time of the meeting, both were married, but the feelings turned out to be very strong. Elena Sergeevna was next to Bulgakov until his death. Bulgakov had no children. His first wife had two abortions from him. Perhaps that is why he always felt guilty before Tatyana Lappa. Evgeny Shilovsky became the adopted son of the writer.

1. Bulgakov's first work is “The Adventures of Svetlana.” The story was written when the future writer was seven years old.
2. The play “Days of the Turbins” was loved by Joseph Stalin. When the author asked to be released abroad, Stalin himself called Bulgakov with the question: “What, are you very tired of us?” Stalin watched “Zoyka’s Apartment” at least eight times. It is believed that he patronized the writer. In 1934, Bulgakov asked for a trip abroad so that he could improve his health. He was refused: Stalin understood that if the writer remained in another country, then “Days of the Turbins” would have to be removed from the repertoire. These are the features of the author’s relationship with the authorities
3. In 1938, Bulgakov wrote a play about Stalin at the request of representatives of the Moscow Art Theater. The leader read the script for “Batum” and was not too pleased: he did not want the general public to find out about his past.
4. “Morphine,” which tells the story of a doctor’s drug addiction, is an autobiographical work that helped Bulgakov overcome addiction. By confessing to the paper, he received strength to fight the disease.
5. The author was very self-critical, so he loved to collect criticism from strangers. He cut out all reviews of his creations from newspapers. Out of 298, they were negative, and only three people praised Bulgakov’s work in his entire life. Thus, the writer knew firsthand the fate of his hunted hero - the Master.
6. The relationship between the writer and his colleagues was very difficult. Someone supported him, for example, director Stanislavsky threatened to close his legendary theater if the screening of “The White Guard” was banned there. And someone, for example, Vladimir Mayakovsky, suggested booing the showing of the play. He publicly criticized his colleague, assessing his achievements very impartially.
7. The Behemoth cat, it turns out, was not the author’s invention at all. Its prototype was Bulgakov’s phenomenally smart black dog with the same nickname.

Death

Why did Bulgakov die? In the late thirties, he often spoke of his imminent death. Friends considered it a joke: the writer loved practical jokes. In fact, Bulgakov, a former doctor, noticed the first signs of nephrosclerosis, a severe hereditary disease. In 1939 the diagnosis was made.

Bulgakov was 48 years old - the same age as his father, who died of nephrosclerosis. At the end of his life, he began using morphine again to dull the pain. When he went blind, his wife wrote chapters of The Master and Margarita for him from dictation. The edit stopped at Margarita’s words: “So, it means that the writers are going after the coffin?” On March 10, 1940, Bulgakov died. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Bulgakov House

In 2004, the opening of the Bulgakov House, a museum-theater and cultural and educational center, took place in Moscow. Visitors can ride a tram, see an electronic exhibition dedicated to the life and work of the writer, sign up for a night tour of the “bad apartment” and meet the real cat Hippopotamus. The function of the museum is to preserve Bulgakov’s legacy. The concept is related to the mystical theme that the great writer loved so much.

There is also an outstanding Bulgakov Museum in Kyiv. The apartment is riddled with secret passages and holes. For example, from the closet you can get into a secret room where there is something like an office. There you can also see many exhibits telling about the writer’s childhood.

1891 , May 3 (15) - born in Kyiv in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya).

1901 , August 22 – enters the first grade of the First (Alexandrovskaya) Kyiv Gymnasium.

1909 – graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University.

1913 - enters into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa (1892–1982).

1916 , October 31 - received a medical diploma, was sent to work in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk province, then worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma.
December – trip to Moscow.

1918 - returned to Kyiv, where he began private practice as a venereologist in a house on Andreevsky Spusk.
December – events take place in Kyiv, later described in the novel “The White Guard”.

1919 , February - mobilized as a military doctor in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Mobilized into the White Armed Forces of the South of Russia and appointed military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment.
November 26 – the first publication of M. A. Bulgakov: the feuilleton “Future Prospects” in the newspaper “Grozny”.

1920 , January 18 – publication of the feuilleton “In the Cafe” in the “Caucasian Newspaper”.
February 15 - the first issue of the newspaper "Caucasus" is published, of which Bulgakov becomes an employee.
Late February - Bulgakov falls ill with relapsing fever and remains in Vladikavkaz, captured by the Red Army.
Beginning of April - goes to work as head of the literary section of the arts subdepartment in the Vladikavkaz Revolutionary Committee (from the end of May he heads the theater section).
October 21 – premiere of the play “The Turbine Brothers”.

1921 , end of June - leaves for Batum. Meeting O. E. Mandelstam.
End of September - moves to Moscow and begins collaborating as a feuilletonist with metropolitan newspapers (Gudok, Rabochiy) and magazines (Medical Worker, Rossiya, Vozrozhdenie).
He publishes individual works in the newspaper Nakanune, published in Berlin.
November-December - acquaintance with the typist I. S. Raaben (nee Count Kamenskaya), to whom Bulgakov dictates the first part of “Notes on Cuffs”.

1922 , March - works as a reporter for the Rabochiy newspaper and for the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Air Force Academy.
Beginning of April - he becomes a letter processor for the newspaper "Gudok".
June 18 – chapters from the story “Notes on Cuffs” were published in the Literary Supplement to the Berlin newspaper “Nakanune”.
October - Bulgakov becomes a feuilletonist in "Gudok" with a salary of 200 million rubles. Takes part in the activities of the literary circle "Green Lamp".
November - Bulgakov’s failed attempt to compile a “Dictionary of Russian Writers” and an announcement on this topic in the Berlin “New Russian Book” lead to the author coming to the attention of the OGPU.

1923 - joins the All-Russian Writers Union.
End of May - Bulgakov meets Alexei Tolstoy.

1924 - meets Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya (1895–1987), who recently returned from abroad, who became his wife in 1925.
October - Bulgakov and his wife moved to Obukhov Lane. Getting to know the Prechistensky circle.
The end of December - the first part of the novel "The White Guard" was published in the fourth issue of the magazine "Russia".

1925 , January - publication of the story "La Boheme", beginning of work on the story "Heart of a Dog".
February – publication of the story “Fatal Eggs” in the sixth issue of the almanac “Nedra”.
March 7 – reads “The Heart of a Dog” at the Nikitin subbotniks, which results in a detailed report from a secret informant in the OGPU about the content of the story and the public’s reaction to it.
April 3 – Bulgakov receives an invitation to collaborate with the Moscow Art Theater.
End of April - the second part of the novel "The White Guard" was published in the fifth issue of the magazine "Russia".
June - early July - M. A. Bulgakov and L. E. Belozerskaya rest in Koktebel at the invitation of M. A. Voloshin.
Summer - work on the play "The White Guard".
September 1 – reading of the first version of the play by K. S. Stanislavsky in his apartment.
September 11 - Bulgakov receives news that the story “The Heart of a Dog” was rejected by L. B. Kamenev.

1926 , January – conclusion of an agreement with E. B. Vakhtangov’s studio for the play “Zoyka’s Apartment”; concluding an agreement with the Moscow Chamber Theater for the play "Crimson Island".
May 7 – The OGPU conducts a search of Bulgakov, as a result of which the manuscript of the story “Heart of a Dog” and the writer’s personal diary are confiscated.
Since October, the play “Days of the Turbins” has been running at the Moscow Art Theater with great success. Its production was allowed only for a year, but was later extended several times. I. Stalin liked the play and watched it more than 14 times.
At the end of October at the Theater. Vakhtangov, the premiere of the play based on M. A. Bulgakov’s play “Zoyka’s Apartment” was a great success.
Intensive and harsh criticism of M. A. Bulgakov’s work began in the Soviet press. According to his own calculations, over 10 years there were 298 abusive reviews and 3 favorable ones. Among the critics were influential writers (Mayakovsky, Bezymensky, Averbakh, Shklovsky, Kerzhentsev and others).

1927 , February 7 – Bulgakov participates in a debate on the topic “Days of the Turbins” and “Yarovaya’s Love” at the Meyerhold Theater.”
March – the contract for the play “Heart of a Dog” was terminated and the contract for the play “Knights of the Seraphim” (“Running”) was concluded.
August - M.A. Bulgakov and L.E. Belozerskaya move to a separate rented apartment on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street.
December – the first volume of the novel “The White Guard” is published in Paris by the Concord publishing house.

1928 – Bulgakov travels with his wife to the Caucasus, where they visited Tiflis, Batum, Cape Verde, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes.
The premiere of the play “Crimson Island” took place in Moscow.
The idea of ​​the novel, later called “The Master and Margarita”.
The writer begins work on a play about Moliere (“The Cabal of the Holy One”).
December 11 – premiere of the play “Crimson Island” at the Moscow Chamber Theater.

1929 , February 28 - Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, née Nuremberg. Mention of the new novel by M. A. Bulgakov (the future “The Master and Margarita”) in one of the intelligence reports.
March 17 – the last performance of “Zoyka’s Apartment”.
April – “Days of the Turbins” was removed from the repertoire.
May 8 – Bulgakov submits the chapter “Mania Furibunda” from the novel “The Engineer’s Hoof” to the Nedra publishing house.
The beginning of June is the last performance of “Crimson Island”.
July 30 - Bulgakov sends a letter of application to I.V. Stalin, M.I. Kalinin and others with a request to leave the USSR and meets with the head of the Main Art Department A.I. Svidersky, who informs the Secretary of the Central Committee A.P. Smirnov about this conversation .
October - Bulgakov's books are removed from libraries.
Start of work on the play "The Cabal of the Saint".

1930 , February 11 – public reading of the play “The Cabal of the Saint” at the Drama Union.
March 18 – The General Repertoire Committee bans the play “The Cabal of the Saint.”
March 28 – Bulgakov writes a letter to the USSR Government.
April 18 (Friday of Holy Week) - telephone conversation between M. A. Bulgakov and I. V. Stalin.
May 10 – enters the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.
May – work began on a dramatization of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”.
October – V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko rejects Bulgakov’s version of “Dead Souls.”

1931 , February – K. S. Stanislavsky joins the rehearsals of “Dead Souls”.
October 12 – a contract for the production of “Molière” was signed with the BDT.
November 19 – decision of the Artistic and Political Council of the Bolshoi Drama Theater on the inappropriateness of staging the play “Molière”.
He begins work on the novel "The Master and Margarita" again. The novel “The Master and Margarita” was first published in the magazine “Moscow” in No. 11 for 1966 and in No. 1 for 1967.

1932 – on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater there was a production of the play “Dead Souls” by Nikolai Gogol, staged by Bulgakov.

1934 , June - Bulgakov was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

1935 - performed on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater as an actor - in the role of the Judge in the play “The Pickwick Club” based on Dickens.

1936 , February - premiere of the play “The Cabal of the Holy One” (“Molière”, a play in four acts, written in 1929) on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater. The performance was performed seven times and after the article “External splendor and false content” in Pravda of March 9, 1936, it was banned.

1940 , March 10 - Bulgakov died in Moscow and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. At his grave, at the request of his widow E. S. Bulgakova, a stone nicknamed “Golgotha” was installed, which previously lay on the grave of N. V. Gogol.

M.A. Bulgakov is one of the most famous Russian writers and playwrights. He wrote not only novels, stories, short stories, plays, but also many feuilletons, film scripts, and librettos.

He was born in Kyiv in 1891. His mother taught at a women's gymnasium, and his father taught at the Kyiv Theological Academy. The family was large: in addition to Mikhail, the parents raised 6 more children. Misha was a talented boy, had a phenomenal memory and wrote his first work at the age of seven.

When his father died, Bulgakov had to work part-time on the railroad and do tutoring, but he did not give up his studies at the First Kyiv Gymnasium. After graduating in 1909, he entered the Faculty of Medicine at Kiev University. While still a student, he married for the first time. After receiving his diploma in 1916. worked as a doctor (first in the village of Nikolskoye, and then in Vyazma). He became addicted to morphine, but his wife helped him cope with this problem.

In 1918 As part of the officer squad, he defended Kyiv from the troops of the Directory. At the end of winter 1919 he was mobilized into the UPR army as a military doctor. Then he worked as a military doctor in the Russian Cossack regiment. He became infected with typhus, so due to the illness he was not able to leave his homeland.

After recovery, he settles in Vladikavkaz. Works at a local military hospital. After some time, he forever abandoned medical activities and devoted himself to literature. Moves to Tiflis, and then to Baku.

Since the autumn of 1921 Mikhail Afanasyevich lives in Moscow. A number of his works are published in newspapers and magazines. Two years later he becomes a member of the All-Russian Writers Union. In 1925 marries a second time. In 1926 Representatives of the OGPU conducted a search in his apartment, which resulted in the seizure of the writer’s personal diaries and a handwritten version of the story “Heart of a Dog.”

The period from 1924 to 1928 is the most fruitful in Bulgakov’s work, because it was then that his most famous works appeared, and the plays “Days of the Turbins”, “Zoyka’s Apartment”, “Crimson Island” were successfully staged on theater stages. But soon, due to criticism of Bolshevik ideas, M.A. Bulgakov was summoned for interrogation, publication was stopped, and his plays were excluded from theater repertoires. He writes a letter to Stalin, after which the persecution of the writer stopped and he received the position of director.

In 1932 Bulgakov marries for the third time. In 1934 He is accepted into the USSR Writers' Union.

In the last years of his life, Mikhail Afanasyevich’s health deteriorated sharply. He gradually loses his sight, but does not give up work on his main novel

Option 2

Bulgakov spent his youth in Kyiv and the writer has a lot of connections with this city. He was born in 1891, the first in a fairly large family, which after him had six children. After graduating from high school, he entered the medical faculty and in 1914, with the outbreak of war, he went to serve in a military hospital.

A year later, Bulgakov starts a family with Tatyana Lappa, in 1916 receives a doctor's diploma, and also begins to use morphine, first for medical needs, then to obtain a narcotic effect. Two years later he will return to

Kyiv and will begin to practice as a private venereologist. Each of these facts will be reflected in the work of the writer, who will write the whole story Morphine, about a doctor addicted to drugs and The Heart of a Dog, where the main character will be a professor of venereology.

In general, there is a lot of biography in the writer’s work. It’s easy to remember, for example, Notes on Cuffs, which also talk about working as a doctor and about addiction.

Since 1919, he served as a doctor; in 1921 he moved to Moscow, where, by the way, he began his literary career with Notes on Cuffs. A year later he divorces, a year later he marries Olga Belozerskaya again, and writes actively. It was the beginning of the 20s that gave Bulgakov’s readers Heart of a Dog, Zoyka’s Apartment and many other interesting works.

In the second half of the 20s, the writer gained popularity, his plays were actively staged in theaters, and he began writing The Master and Margarita in 1928. In 1930, an active decline in his career began: publishers rejected his works, plays were no longer accepted into theaters. Bulgakov writes an open letter and Stalin personally decides on Bulgakov’s fate.

In 1934, the first edition of The Master and Margarita was completed. In 1939, his play about Stalin was canceled, his health deteriorated and the writer consumed a lot of morphine; he already dictated the completion of the novel The Master and Margarita to his third wife. The writer managed to survive the war and left this world on March 10, 1949, but he did not see the publication of his great novel, which was allowed to be published in 1966.

Bulgakov Mikhail. Biography 3

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was born in 1891 and died in 1940.

The writer was born in Kyiv. He was the eldest of seven children in the family. He was very educated, successfully graduated from the university and after studying went to work in a hospital, as it was popular among his peers. This became one of the factors in Bulgakov’s subsequent vice - he became addicted to morphine, which was a drug, but thanks to his inner strength and the support of his wife, he was still able to overcome leprosy. Based on the knowledge and sensations that Mikhail Afanasyevich received during his addiction, the famous work “Morphine” was written.

Already a middle-aged man, Bulgakov moved to Moscow and was actively involved in his creative activities. His first works are reflections of post-revolutionary Russia with its bureaucracy, the ignorance of the numerous gentlemen of this world, etc.

Gogol worked in various newspapers, mainly in the capital. His articles were actively published there: popular science, essays, short stories, feuilletons.

It is known that Bulgakov was married three times and towards the end of his life he had a whole bunch of illnesses, one of them was kidney disease, from which Mikhail Afanasyevich died.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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